张月红

在英语学习中，有许多地方用主动表被动，这对于大多数学生来说是一个难点，不好掌握。其实主动表被动是指形式无被动结构而含被动含义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动含义。用主动结构表示被动含义的情况有：

1. be worth＋doing值得做…… 例如：

The novel is worth reading again.

The film is worth seeing.

2. need（want / require）+ doing等于need（want / require）+to be done 需要做……例如：

My watch needs reparing（＝to be repaired）.

The house wants painting（＝to be pained）.

3. 某些与cant, wont等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock, shut, open等,常用主动结构表被动含义, 例如：

It cant move.

The door wont shut.

The window wont open.

4.某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut等,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动含义。 例如：

This kind of book sells well.

The pen writes smoothly.

The cloth washes well.

The poem reads smoothly.

The table doesnt clean easily.

This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind.

That door shuts well.

5. 主语＋be＋adj.＋to do的结构中，动词不定式常用主动结构表被动含义,这些表语形容词有hard， difficult， easy， fit， necessary ，dangerous ， comfortable， heavy等.例：

The problem is hard to solve.

The chair is comfortable to sit on.

I find the water in the well fit to drink.

6. 有些系动词,如: taste, sound , prove，feel， look，smell，remain , appear等,常用主动结构表示被动含义.例如：

The flower looks ugly.

What you said sounds reasonable.

The dish smells delicious.

The food tastes good.

The story proved quite false.

She remains silent.

This material feels soft.

7.有些不定式，如：to let, to blame , to rent, remain to do等常用主动结构表示被动含义。 例如：

The taxi is to rent.

Much remains to find.

Who is to blame for starting the fire?

The house is to let.

8. “主语+have / has + 名词+ to do”结构,也用主动结构表被动含义, 此时主语与to do 存在逻辑上的主谓关系, to do 与宾语存在逻辑上的动宾关系。例如：

He has many problems to solve.

White has lots of things to do.

I have a room to live in.

9.介词 on, under等+名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。例如：

① under＋n.结构，表示某事在进行中。 如：under control, under repair, under discussion等。例如：

The fire was under control at last.

②on +名词结构,表示在从事……中。如：on sale,on show等.例如：

Many new types of cars are on show in Beijing.

10.在too…to…和enough to do 结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。例如： The box is too heavy to carry.

The room is not big enough to have a meeting in.

练习一

选择题

1. There are many good films played by Cheng Long that are worth.

A. to be seen B. being seen

C. seeingD. to see

2. The foodeasily and sells.

A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good

C. is cooked; wellD. cooked; good

3. The windows of the building wont.

A. be closedB. close

C. be closingD. closed

4. —Do you like the material?—Yes,itvery soft.

A. is feeling B. feltC. feelsD. is felt

5. There is a new problem road conditions need.

A.that ; to be improved

B.which ; to be improved

C.where ; improving

D.when ; improving

6． My money. I must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before Ive none in hand.

A. has been run out B. is running out

C. has run out D. is being run out

练习二

汉译英

1.这个理论证明是正确的.

____________________________________.

2.这间房子令人感觉很热.

____________________________________.

3.这门锁不上.

____________________________________.

4.他的书很畅销.

____________________________________.

5.大楼正在建设中.

____________________________________.

答案

练习一 ：

1-6 CABCAB

练习二 ：

1. The theory proved(to be) true.

2. This room feels hot.

3. The door wont lock.

4. His book sells well.

5. The building is under construction.