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Units9-10重点单词及短语解析

2008-11-19包厚文

中学生英语高中综合天地 2008年11期
关键词:保持联系致力于考纲

包厚文

一、重点单词

1. depend

【考纲释义】vi. 依靠;依赖

【备考实例】

—Shall we go and have a picnic at the weekend?

— _______ Its said that there might be snow then.

A. Why not? B. Great!

C. Good idea! D. It depends.

【考点解析】句意:“‘周末我们去野炊好吗?‘这得看情况。据说那时可能会下雪。”It(all) depends意为“这要看情况而定。”符合句意。答案为D。

【知识拓展】dependentadj. 依赖的;依靠的 depend on / upon 依赖;取决于That / It depends.这要看情况而定。

2. add

【考纲释义】 vt. & vi. 加;增加

【备考实例】 I received a letter from my

mother with an unusual stamp on, which _______ my collection of stamps.

A. added up to B. added to

C. added in D. added together

【考点解析】句意:“我收到了妈妈的一封来信,上面贴有一张不寻常的邮票,它增加了我的邮品收藏。” add to意为“增加”,add up to意为“加起来等于;总计”。答案为B。

【知识拓展】add to 增加add… to… 把……加在……上add up 加起来add up to 总共;总计

3. remind

【考纲释义】 vt 使想起;提醒

【备考实例】

—Please call me at 6 oclock tomorrow morning. Im sort of forgetful.

—Dont worry about that, youll be surely _______.

A. reminded B. told

C. warned D. informed

【考点解析】句意:“‘请明天早上6点叫我。我有点健忘。‘别担心,你会被提醒的。”考查动词词义辨义,remind意为“提醒”,符合句意。答案为D。

【知识拓展】remind sb. of / about sth. 使某人想起remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that 使某人想起

4. wonder

【考纲释义】n. 惊奇;奇迹 vt. 惊讶;惊奇;想知道

【备考实例】He hasnt slept at all for three days._______he is tired out.(2005 湖北)

A. There is no point B. There is no need

C. It is no wonder D. It is no way

【考点解析】答案为C。句意“他已经三天没有睡觉了,难怪他现在筋疲力尽。”no wonder意为“不足为奇”;there is no point意为“没有意义”;there is no need表示“没有必要”。It is no way表示“绝不可能”。

【知识拓展】wonderfuladj. 奇妙的;极好的;令人愉快的It is a wonder that… 奇怪的是……Its no wonder that难怪……;……并不奇怪 do / work / create / perform wonders 创造奇迹

5. defeat

【考纲释义】 vt. 战胜;击败n.失败;战败;挫折

【备考实例】

—Why are your group so happy?

—Our group _______ theirs in the oral English competition.

A. has won B. have gained C. has beaten D. have defeated

【考点解析】答案为C。句意“‘为什么你们组员这么高兴?‘在英语口语比赛中我们小组战胜了他们小组。”defeat意为“打败”,后接表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。

【知识拓展】辨析:beat,defeat 和 win,beat,defeat都表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜、打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手,可以互换;

win“战胜、赢得”,其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之类意义的词,竞争对手不能作其宾语。

6. devote

【考纲释义】vt. 把(时间、精力)贡献给;致力于

【备考实例】Although the working mother is very busy, she still _______ a lot of time to children.

A. devotes B. spends

C. offers D. provides

【考点解析】答案为A。句意“尽管这位上班母亲非常忙,但她依然在孩子们身上花很多时间。”devote time to表示“把时间奉献于;把时间花在……上”,符合句意。

【知识拓展】devotedadj.热爱的;忠实的 a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友devote oneself to 献身;致力于 devote ones life / time / energy to 将毕生 / 时间 / 精力奉献于 be devoted to doing sth. 热衷于;专心致志于 7. measure

【考纲释义】n. 尺寸;尺度;量;量度的单位; 程度;手段;措施 vt. 量;量度;测量vi. 有……长/ 宽 /高等

【备考实例】 I realized strength and

courage arent always _______ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome. (2004天津)

A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased

【考点解析】答案为A。句意“我意识到力量和勇气并不总是用奖牌和胜利来衡量的,而是用我们的努力奋斗。”measure意为“衡量;量”。

【知识拓展】beyond / above measure 无法估量的;无限的;极度的 make something to ones measure 按照某人的尺寸来制作某物take measures采取措施

8. common

【考纲释义】adj.普通的;共同的;公共的

【备考实例】Letterboxes are much more _______in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.(2006 浙江)

A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual

【考点解析】答案为A。句意“在英国Letterbox(邮箱)的说法要比美国普遍,在美国大多数人用mailbox。”common指经常发生,司空见惯,不特别的人或物;normal指

“正常的;标准的”;ordinary强调在级别或类属方面的“平常或普通”,用于人时,指既不显赫也不低贱,用于物时,指质量既不高于也不低于平均值;usual表“普通”时,范围较广,没有范围限制,含有“一贯”和“几乎没有例外”的意思。

【知识拓展】common sense常识 in common 共有的;共同的 have something in commom 有一些共同之处 in common with 和……一样out of common不寻常的

二、重点短语

1. stay in touch with 和某人保持联系

She says that her cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.她说手机使她想做什么就做什么,而同时又与父母和朋友随时保持联系。

【知识拓展】 lose touch with… 与……失去联系; be out of touch with 与……失去联系;be in touch with与……有联系; keep in touch with 和某人保持联系; get in touch with 与……取得联系

2. in case(of)假使;以防 (万一);免得

In case you need something, please dont hesitate to let me know.如果你需要什么东西,请不要客气对我说。

The doctor asked us not to call him during the night except in case of necessity.医生吩咐我们,除非必须,否则不要在夜里叫醒他。

3. take over接管;接替;继承。

He will take over my duties a week after I leave.我离开一个星期后, 他将接替我的工作。

In what fields will robots take over human tasks?机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢?

4. break down破坏;拆散;(机器)损坏

Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。

Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。

The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。

【知识拓展】 break up结束;制止;驱散 break out 爆发;突然发生 break away from

逃脱;摆脱

5. in danger 在危险中;垂危

You are so kind-hearted that you always give me a hand when I am in danger. 你心肠真好, 总是在我危困时帮助我。

【知识拓展】in danger of有……的危险out of danger 脱离危险

6. die out(物种等)灭绝;(指习俗、做法、观念等)消失,过时;(指火)熄灭

No one have come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaur die out. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。

The old traditions are dying out.旧传统正在消失。

It took a long time before the big fire died out.过了很长一段时间那场大火才渐渐熄灭。

7. adapt to sth. / adapt oneself to sth.适应(新环境等)

When you are abroad, you must find ways to adapt yourself to the culture and custom there.你到国外后,要设法使自己适应那里的文化和风俗习惯。

8. devote(oneself / sth)to(sb / sth)致力于,把……奉献给

He devoted himself to the teaching spirit and won the respect of the workmates.他专心致力于教学的精神赢得了同事们的尊敬。

Besides Britain, the US, Canada and so on developed country, other countries also positively devote themselves to E-governments construction work. 除了英国、美国、加拿大等发达国家之外,其他国家也积极致力于电子政务的建设工作。

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