付开强

一、重点句型解析

1. should表推测的用法

【课文原句】I should be home in about ten minutes.

【经典考例】

—When can I come for the phones? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

—They_______be ready by 12:00.

(NMET 1998)

A. can B. should C. might D. need

【考点解析】答案为B。should表推测，指有一定主观根据的判断，意为“估计；按理应当”；can表推测常用于否定句或疑问句中，表示“有时会；可能”；might表示没有把握的推测，语气较弱；need表“必须；需要”，不符合句意。

2. no matter ＋疑问词引导的状语从句

【课文原句】The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.

【经典考例】He tried his best to solve the problem, _______difficult it was. (2005重庆)

A. howeverB. no matter

C. whatever D. although

【考点解析】no matter这个词组的意思是“不管”，“无论”，常用what，who，when，where等疑问词连用，引导一个表示让步的状语从句，分别表示“不管何事、何人、何时、何地”等意思，可以和“疑问词＋ever”相互换用。答案为A。 B项应在no matter后加how才对。

3. in case的用法

【课文原句】Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer, since we can call for help in case of an emergency.

【经典考例】

1. John may phone tonight, I dont want to go out _______ he phones.（NMET 2000春招）

A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that

2. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _______ .（NMET 2000）

A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time

【考点解析】例1答案为C。in case可引起目的状语从句，表示“以免；以防”，句意为“约翰今晚可能给我打电话，我不想出去以便接他的电话。”此外in case还可单独使用，如例2，答案为B。at last意为“最后”，once again意为“再一次”，in time意为“及时”，只有in case符合句意“我认为我不需要钱但我将带一些以防万一。”

4. be used to句型结构

【课文原句】They are all used to their environment.

【经典考例】In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_____. （2007 安徽）

A. that used to be B. it is used to

C. it was used to D. it used to be

【考点解析】答案为D。used to do sth意为“过去常常……”，表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而现在不再这样了，含有“今昔对比”的意味；句意“在我看来，21世纪的生活比过去的要容易多了。”be / become used to (doing) sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，to为介词，后接名词或动词的-ing形式；be used to do sth 意为“被用来做某事”，此结构中的used为动词use的过去分词形式。

5. either… or句型结构

【课文原句】The animal or plant has to either adapt to the change or find a new place.

【经典考例】_______ either he or you going with me when the play _______ here?

A. Is; is put on B. Is; is put up C. Are; is put on D. Are; put up

【考点解析】either… or…意为“或者……或者……”，“不是……就是……”，当连接两个主语时，其谓语动词与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。本题答案为A。

6. what引导的名词性从句

【课文原句】If we find out more about what we should do, we can help Steven and others like him keeping animals and plants from becoming endangered.

【经典考例】

—What did your parents think about your decision?

—They always let me do _______I think I should.（NMET 2006）

A. when B. what C. how D. that

【考点解析】what引导名词性从句，表示“……的事情”，在句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。句中的do后接一个名词性从句做宾语，I should后省略了动词do，故空白处应用what，此处的what相当于the thing that。答案为B。

二、长难句解析

1. You can move any side as many steps as you wish.

句中的as many steps as为同级比较，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，故形容词、副词应置于第一个as之后，如又有表示倍数的词修饰则常置于第一个as之前。例如：

You can eatas much as you like.你想吃多少就吃多少。

Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.美国人现今每人蔬菜摄食量是1910年的两倍多。

当表示金钱，距离，时间，重量，雨量等概念时，常用as much as结构。例如：

When he worked there, he could earn as much as 500 dollars a week. 当他在那里工作时，一周能挣到500美元。

2. … we may be able to take measures before it is too late, …

句中的before用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“在……之前；还没来得及”。例如：

Three weeks went by before she realized her mistakes. 过了三周，她才意识到自己的错误。

before作连词引导时间状语从句，从句的时态通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。其基本意思是“在……之前”，但是具体译法视上下文而定。例如：

We do want to buy something now before prices go up. 在物价上涨之前我们的确想买点东西。

Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up before I could answer the phone.(NMET2000) 半夜里有人给我打电话,可是我还没来得及接,电话就挂断了。

He will die before he will tell them what they want to know. 他宁死也不说出他们想知道的事情。

3. We human beings could not survive without all the plants and animals around us.

句中的without和but for一样引出的短语表示一个非真实的条件，相当于一个if引导的含有否定意义的条件句If there were no all the plants and animals around us。 故句中用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设，例如：

A fish couldnt live long without water. = A fish couldnt live long if there were no water.没有水鱼就活不了多久。

I cant speak English without making mistakes.我一讲英语就出错。

有的语法学家称这种句子为条件否定句，又因为这种句子表示“没有……就不（没有）”的意思，起着强调语气的作用，所以也有的语法学家称之为强调句。现在有不少老师称之为双重否定句是错误的。双重否定的定义是两个否定词用来否定同一个意念或词，表示说话者的踌躇不决，起着缓和语气的作用，例如：

I said so not without any reason. 我这么说不是没有任何理由的。

这种句子与两个否定词否定两个意念的句子完全不同，不能混为一谈。