中图分类号 S435.11 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0074-04

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.019

Occurrence and control of rice diseases and insect pests

DULei1 LIANG E² WANG Chongyi² HU Xianfeng² （ ¹ Ziyun Autonomous County Agricultural and Rural Bureau，Anshun 561ooo， China; ²Anshun University， Anshun 56100o， China）

AbstractBased on the occurrence and damage of the main rice diseases and insect pests，the comprehensive control technologies，includingagricultural，biological，physicalandchemical preventionandcontrolwerediscused. The primary diseases included rice blast （which infected leaves，nodes，and panicles），sheath blight （which infected basal leaf sheaths），and 1 smut （a panicle disease）.The major pests included rice planthopper （which sucked sap）， thericeleafroller （which damaged leaves byrolling），andrice stem borers （whichbored intostems）.Theintegrated controlwascenteredon the ecosystemandcombinedagricultural，biological，physical，and chemical technologies. Agricultural control involvedselectingresistantvarietiesand implementing scientific field management；biological control generally utilized natural enemiesand integrated crop-aquaculture systems;physical control often employed measures such as trapping and barier methods;chemical control was focused on reducing application quantities and increasig eficiencybyselecting low-toxicityagents.Bycomprehensivelyapplying these control technologies，precise prediction and green management were achieved，which protected rice yield and qualityand promoted sustainable agricultural development.

Keywords rice; disease and insect pests; integrated control; safe production

水稻作为重要的粮食作物之一，在粮食安全生产中较为重要。其在生长过程中常遭受多种病虫害侵扰。其中，常见的病害包括稻瘟病、纹枯病和稻曲病等；常见的水稻虫害有稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟和稻螟虫等2。多种病虫害的发生与流行，在一定程度上影响了稻米的产量和品质3。水稻病虫害防控成为保障稻米安全生产的重要手段之一，在维持优质稻米产业持续健康发展中发挥着重要作用。因此，采取绿色有效的策略对防治水稻病虫害至关重要。本文基于近年来水稻主要病虫害的发生及为害情况，从农业防控、生物防控、物理防控和化学防控等方面探讨了其综合防控技术，为水稻安全生产提供参考。

1水稻主要病虫害的发生及为害

1.1病害

稻瘟病是水稻生产中的一种真菌性病害，包括苗瘟、叶瘟（感染叶片）节瘟（茎部病变）穗颈瘟（穗轴受损）及谷粒瘟（谷物受害）[5]。稻瘟病病原菌通常会在前一年的病谷和病稻草中越冬并繁殖出大量分生孢子，成为次年的主要侵染源

水稻纹枯病是由立枯丝核菌侵染引起的真菌性病害，对水稻分蘖和抽穗的影响较大[7-8]。立枯丝核菌在土壤中以菌核或菌丝的形态存在，不产生无性孢子，其菌丝在生长初期无色，成熟后呈浅褐色，同时交织形成菌核；其首先侵人水稻基部，主要为害叶鞘。

稻曲病是由稻曲病菌入侵小穗引发的穗部病害。该病害病原菌通过菌核或厚垣孢子越冬，在适宜条件下萌发形成分生孢子侵染水稻花丝，产生稻曲球。……