关键词移动床生物膜反应器；低温；微生物活性；载体强化；工艺改良中图分类号X703 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0114-05DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.027

Research progress on process operation and application of moving bed biofilm reactorsystem atlowtemperature

WU Tianqi ^1，2，3 KONG Yu1LING Hong1CHANG Wenjie1ZHU Xiaoxiao1NIE Huijun ¹

（1Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co.，Ltd.，Nanjing 21oo19， China; ²Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co.，Ltd.， Nanjing 21Oo36， China; 3Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Synergistic Control of Pollution and Carbon Emissions in Key Industries，Nanjing 210019， China）

AbstractThe research onthe operation and application of the moving bed biofilm reactor （MBBR）process system underlow temperatureconditionswas systematicallyelaborated from theaspectsof microbial community，carrier enhancement technology，and process combinationandregulation.Low temperaturewas found toinhibittheactivityof nitrifying bacteria，affcting the nitrogen removal eficiency of wastewater treatment.The MBBR systemwas demonstrated to enrich nitrifying bacteria through biofilm formation.Cold-adaptedmicrobial acclimation technology wasshown toenhance microbialactivityunder low temperatureconditions，effectively improving the operational effciency and stabilityof thissystem.Theselection of cariers was proven to influence processperformance.Magnetic cariers，hydrophilicmodifications，and porous structures （e.g.，PVA gel） were found to enhance biofilm formation， increase the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria，and improve the treatment efficiencyof low temperature wastewater. Optimizationof the MBBR process requiredregulationof aeration，carbon-to-nitrogen ratio （C/N），and hydraulic retention time （HRT）.Under low temperatures，intermitent aeration，low C/N，and extended HRT wereshown to enhance nitrification eficiency.Process combinations such as A/O-MBBR were demonstrated to strengthen the system's resistance to shock loads.This study provides a reference for further research and application of the MBBR process.

eywordsmoving bed biofilm reactor;low temperature; microbial activity; carier enhancement; process improvel

移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）工艺是现阶段应用较多的生物膜废水处理技术之一[1-2]。相较于常规活性污泥法工艺，MBBR具有出水效果好、抗冲击能力强、无需污泥回流或反冲洗等优点。在冬季低温期，尤其是北方以及西南高原等地区，气温易降至5℃以下、水温易降至 15^∘C 以下，低温可能导致MBBR系统出水化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮、总氮等指标不达标。生物膜脱氮包括好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化，温度是影响硝化和反硝化过程的关键因素之一。随着温度的降低，活性污泥系统的细菌硝化速率逐步下降，当温度低于8℃时其硝化能力明显下降。本文从微生物群落、载体强化技术、工艺组合与调控等方面对低温条件下MBBR工艺运行研究展开系统阐述，为其进一步研究和应用提供参考。

1低温MBBR系统微生物群落研究

目前，污水处理厂的核心工艺为生物处理工艺，冬季低温（ ≤15^∘C 会抑制生物反应器内硝化菌的活性，影响硝化过程并限制系统的脱氮量。硝化细菌属于自养菌，世代周期较长，对温度变化较为敏感，其适宜的生长温度在 20～35^∘C 。

1.1 微生物活性

MBBR反应器中的生物膜附着生长在载体表面，可满足世代周期较长微生物的生长，从而提高系统内硝化菌的含量，相较于活性污泥法工艺，其在低温下具有更强的硝化性能，因此被广泛应用于低温污水处理中。低温是影响该反应器硝化性能的重要环境因素之一，温度降低会引起细胞膜流动性和酶催化性减弱，物质转运和代谢速率降低，从而影响核酸二级结构的稳定性，抑制DNA复制、mRNA的转录和翻译；……