中图分类号 S126 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0119-04

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.028

Research on orchard monitoring system based on 5G-A Passive Internet of Things

LI Li FAN Yonglian JIA Mengzhao ZHANG Ao MA Liang （Tarim University，Alar 843300， China）

AbstractPassive IoT based on enhanced 5G （5G-A） has advantages such asno power restrictions，large connections，widecoverage，andstrong computing power，making itsuitablefor networked montoring ofhighvalue fruit trees andlarge scaleorchards.In this paper，the basic principles and key technologies of 5G-A passive IoT implementationwere demonstrated，anorchard monitoringsystem wasdesigned based on 5G-A passve IoT，and aplied it to fruit tree growth status monitoring，growth simulation，and prediction.In terms of system design，using technologies such as 5G-A，data from orchards is collctedand transmitted via passive sensor tag arrays.This data is then transmited through massive machine-typecommunication （mMTC）network slices.Edge computing nodes are deployedon the 5G-A wirelessaccess network side to perform real-time analysis and computation of thecollected data and provide feedback.Thecorrected WOFOSTfruit tree growth model algorithm is then integrated into the fruit tree digitaltwin system to enabletheconstructionof visualized and dynamic fruit tre growth simulations and predictions.In terms ofapplication，itcancolectreal-timesoilandclimatedataoffruit tree growth，andcountthenumberoffruit trees and monitorthegrowth statusofeach fruittreedynamicallyvisualizing the coupling effectbetween fruit tree growth and environment provides an efective method for precise prediction and scientific planning of its various growth stages.The research results provides theoretical basis and solution basis for thedeployment and application of5G-A passiveIoT orchard monitoring system.

Keywords 5G-A; Passive IoT;orchard; monitoring system; fruit tree growth model

林果业不仅经济附加值高，而且地域特色优势明显，是大部分地区的重点产业，具有良好的发展前景。果树从幼苗栽培到成树产出需多年精心培育，日常养护管理要求较高，且需精确到每棵果树，因此林果产业的人力和农资投入较高，亟需通过数字化方式实现降本增效2

物联网（InternetofThings，IoT）通过传感器和无线通信，实现数据自动采集和传输，能够提高林果的种植管理效率。陆猛3研究提出了一种结合远距离无线电（LongRangeRadio，LoRa）模型和窄带物联网（NarrowBandIoT，NB-IoT）技术的果园监控系统，具有能耗低、响应快、通信距离远等优势，应用于林果产业有助于节省人力成本，提高经济效益。陈生学等4提出了一种结合ZigBee和5G技术的智慧果园监控系统，具有使用便捷、操作简单、运行成本低等优点。高群等5分析了现代化果园物联网技术应用现状，介绍了一种可满足果园物联网应用需求的服务系统和大数据平台。部分果园物联网建设受电源、功耗和成本限制，网络节点数量较少，组网需结合无线局域网和广域蜂窝网。

由于设备供电换电困难、果园面积大且部署环境复杂多样，现有的果园物联网结构复杂、规模小、覆盖及监测能力有限，且长期运营维护成本较高。5G陆地蜂窝移动通信网络已实现了良好的连片覆盖，具有无源传感、广覆盖、高速率、低时延和大连接等优势7，可较好地应用于大规模果园的监测管理。目前关于5G-A无源物联网在林果业领域的应用研究有待深入。……