中图分类号 S565.2 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0013-04

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.004

Effects of different cultivation modes on emergence，growth and yield of peanuts

CUI Yanhua TANG YongDING Wanhong DU Yao JIA Yulong TAO Jianfei CHENG Pingshan （Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental Station， Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Urumqi 830O12，China）

AbstractTo explore theeffects ofdiferentcultivation modes onthegrowth，developmentandyieldof peanuts，and to clarify the optimal cultivation mode of peanuts，peanut‘Wanhua No.3’was used as the experimental material.6 cultivation modes，namelyridging with filmcovering （T1），ridgingwith filmcovering andremoving film （T2），ridging without film covering （T3），paralel croppng with filmcovering （T4），paralel cropping with filmcovering andremoving film （T5），and parallel cropping without filmcovering （T6）were setup.The agronomic traits such as the emergence rate， growth period，main stem traits height，and yield traits of peanuts such as the numberof insects and fruitsper plant under each mode were measured.The results showedthat the emergence rates of peanuts in the six cultivation modes were all above 85% .Peanuts treated with T1 had the earliest emergence，flowering and harvest，the shortest growth periodandahigher emergencerate.The peanuts treated with T5 had higher main stem height and lateral branch length， and more compound leaves and nodes on the main stem.The Tl treatment resulted in a higher numberoffullfruits and fruits per plant，as wellasa higher full fruitrate，kernel yield，weight per 1OO kernels，and weightper1OOfruits.The peanut yields of T4 and T5 treatments were higher，which were 6 266.22 and 60.52.02kg/hm² respectively. In conclusion，the cultivation method ofridging with filmcovering can ensure theemergence rateof peanuts，shorten the growth period，increase the numberoffullfruitsandfruitsper plant，and improve thefullfruitrate，the weightper100 fruits and the weight per1OO grains.The adoptionof paralelcropping with filmcovering and removing filmmode is conducivetoincreasingtheheightofthemainstem，thelengthoflateralbranches，thenumberofcompoundleaveson the main stem and the number of nodes on the main stem.

Keywordscultivation mode; peanut; emergence rate; agronomic traits; yield trait

花生是一种重要的经济作物和油料作物，种植历史悠久，产区主要集中在河南、山东、吉林等地。不同地区的花生种植方式和栽培模式有所不同，主要有平作、垄作和畦作等，每种模式包含不覆膜、覆宽膜、覆窄膜、覆膜揭膜等地膜覆盖情况2。李琼福开展了覆膜培土条播、不覆膜平种条播和覆膜起垄条播花生栽培模式对比试验，结果表明，覆膜起垄种植模式下花生的特征特性及产量明显优于其他种植模式。陆岩4研究认为，坐畦双行覆膜种植模式能明显提高花生产量。乔彩霞开展了麦后平播、起垄种植、起垄覆膜以及起垄液态膜4种花生种植模式对比试验，结果表明，起垄覆膜种植模式能有效提高花生的主茎高、侧枝长、结果枝数等农艺性状，百果质量、百仁质量以及荚果产量等产量性状。

近年来，新疆花生种植面积不断扩大，生产的花生因出油率高、油脂品质好等优点受到市场广泛认可，花生产业发展前景广阔6-8]。该地区气候干燥、光热资源丰富，土壤、气候条件等与其他花生主产省区有较大差别，在花生种植过程中，可能出现产量达不到预期的情况。因此，本研究以花生‘宛花3号’为试验材料，分析起垄覆膜、起垄覆膜揭膜、起垄不覆膜等6种栽培模式对花生出苗率、生育期、农艺性状和产量性状的影响，为相似地区花生单产提升提供参考。

1材料与方法

1.1试验地基本情况

试验于2024年在新疆和田地区墨玉县农业科技园区 （37^∘17^′N，79^∘64^′ E）进行。……