中图分类号 S685.21 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0105-03

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.025

Investigation on the current population status of Rhododendron shanii in Huoshan County and analysis of conservation countermeasures

FANGQuan1 WEN Jing²

（ ¹ Economic Development and Rural and Agricultural Service Center of Taiyang Township，Huoshan 2372Oo， China; ²Forestry Bureau of Huoshan County， Huoshan 2372Oo， China）

AbstractThe method of combining RTK unmanned aerial vehicles，geographic information system，forest resource investigationand collctionsystemwith field investigationmainlywereadopted to investigatethedistribution， population area and quantity changes of Rhododendron shanii in 4 places including Baimajian in Huoshan County， AnhuiProvince.The results showed that Rhododendron shanii natural populations was mainlydistributed in4 places in the studyarea： Tianhejian，Baimajian，Duoyunjianand Zhutoujian.Among them，the seedlings of the3 populations of Tianhejian，Baimajianand Duoyunjian were scarce，and thepopulation of Zhutoujian hadless humanactivity.The sedlings under the forest were evenly distributed.Compared withthe populationsurveyresults in 2O12，the population area of Rhododendron shanii in the study area decreased by 11.1hm² ，the number of population plants decreased by 273，the population habitat was damaged to varying degrees，and the signs of population degradation were obvious in 2024.Based on the geographical distributionand forest age structure of this population，protection countermeasures were proposed from aspects such as strengthening population protection，improving forest stand quality，and promoting artificial breeding，providing references for the near-natural protection and restoration of the populationof Rhododendron shanii.

Keywords Rhododendron shanii;population size;distributionrange;habitat

都支杜鹃（Rhododendronshanii）是大别山地区的一种常绿灌木或小乔木。其树干苍劲，小枝粗壮且无毛，幼枝绿色或淡紫绿色，老枝深灰色；叶绿色，背面密被毡状褐色绒毛。该植物多生长于海拔1500m 以上的山顶或山谷松林中2。其种群主要分布在安徽霍山县境内白马尖、天河尖、多云尖、猪头尖等地的高山山脊或阴坡，伴生树种有黄山松、黄山栎、云锦杜鹃、珍珠黄杨等。该种群分布区域较小，生境相对特殊。赵凯等研究表明，该物种呈不连续分布，生境片断化明显。裴亚莉4对都支杜鹃cDNA进行了高通量测序，发掘了其大规模转录组简单重复序列的标记，同时对其组成、分布及特征进行分析，为该物种的群体遗传学研究奠定基础。王桂芹等5研究发现，该物种的次生木质部缺少导管，叶的上表皮具有复表皮，这些结构特异性是综合生态环境长期作用的结果。本文主要采用RTK无人机、地理信息系统（GIS软件）森林资源调查采集系统（移动GIS）与实地调查相结合的方法，调查研究区白马尖等4个地点的都支杜鹃分布情况、种群面积及数量变化情况，为该种群的保护提供参考。

1材料与方法

1.1 调查范围

采用RTK无人机对研究区境内海拔 1000m 以上的高山以及白马尖、天河尖、多云尖、猪头尖4处进行全面调查，进行内业判图识别，获取种群矢量数据后，对重点区域进行实地调查。

1.2调查方法

调查工具主要包括RTK无人机、GIS软件、移动GIS、相机、测树卷尺、测高器等。2023年12月至翌年2月阔叶树种落叶期，采用RTK无人机航拍种群分布区影像，利用GIS软件对常绿阔叶树种进行判图分析，测算种群面积。……