中图分类号 S435.121.4 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0067-03

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.017

Analysisofthereasonsfor thesevereoutbreakofwheat scaband explorationof the Π⁶⁴Π¹⁺²³ pesticide control model

YANGXuewen

（Chaohu City Agricultural Technology Extension Center， Chaohu 238OOo， China）

AbstractBased on the occurrence of wheat scab in Chaohu，Anhui，in 2O24，an analysis was conducted on the causesof its severe outbreak.Additionally，a“ 1+2^，， chemical control demonstration was carried out in affected wheat fields，and its efectiveness was summarized.In 2O24，wheat scab in the study area was characterized by early maturation of ascocarps on ricestubbles，a high pathogen carrier rate，and severe field disease severity.The main reasons forthe severeoutbreak of wheatscab inthe studyarea were identified asabundant pathogen sources，favorable weather conditions from April to May （daily average temperature gt;15^∘C ，more than 11 days with precipitation gt;0.1 mm），weakresistance （ortolerance）ofwheat varieties，andthedevelopmentof fungicideresistanceinthescab pathogens.The“1+2”chemicalcontrol model involvedanadditionalthirdapplication （during the wheatboting stage in mid-to-late March，combined with the control of sharp eyespot）onthebasis of the conventional twoapplications （the firstatthe initial wheat flowering stageandthe second7-1O days later）.Theexperimental resultsshowed that the relative control eficacyof diseased panicle rate and disease indexof wheat scab by the“1+2\"chemical control model was 92.14% and 95.94% ，respectively，demonstrating good prevention effects. This study provides a reference for selecting an appropriate chemical control strategy for wheat scab.

Keywordswheat scab; fungicide resistance;pesticide control; disease index

赤霉病是对小麦生产影响较大的真菌性病害之一，由多种镰刀菌引起，在淮河以南及长江中下游麦区发生较为严重。该病害发生会造成小麦产量损失，且病麦中会产生对人畜有毒害作用的物质[2-3]。该病害属典型的气候性病害，祁月月等4研究表明，丙硫菌唑与氟唑菌酰羟胺混合施用可有效防治小麦赤霉病；将不同作用机理的杀菌剂制成混剂，可延缓病菌抗药性的产生。目前，抽穗扬花期开展2～3次药剂防控是较为有效的措施，偏重发生年份需开展2次防治，大发生年份需开展3次防治，第3次延后防治对于病穗率、病情指数影响不大，而对降低毒素有一定的作用。 ₁₊₂， 药剂防控模式是在常规2次防治基础上，将第1次防治提前至小麦孕穗期，该模式可有效防治小麦赤霉病。

本文从安徽巢湖2024年小麦赤霉病病原菌数量、4一5月温度、降水日数以及小麦品种抗（耐）病性等方面对小麦赤霉病重发的原因进行分析。同时，在该病害发生田块开展“ 1+2^′′ 药剂防控示范实践，总结其示范成效，为小麦赤霉病的药剂防控提供参考。

1发生特点

研究区位于皖中偏东，属江淮丘岗平原，农业种植模式主要是“一稻一麦（油）”。小麦抽穗扬花期持续降水、气温在 15^∘C 以上时，会导致赤霉病大面积发生5。2024年，该地区小麦赤霉病发生的主要特点是稻桩子囊壳萌发早、带菌率高、田间病情重。田间调查发现，稻桩子囊壳于3月7日初见，比2022年迟4d，比2023年早9d，与常年相比属早见年份。……