中图分类号：TG156

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.04.011 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Experimental Study of Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Turning Titanium Alloys with Nanofluid MQL

ZHENG Jintao MA Haoran WANG Jin LIU Guoliang* School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering，Qingdao University of Technology，Qingdao， Shandong，266520

Abstract：By combining the ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting with nanofluid MQL，ultrasonic vibration assisted turning experiments were conducted for titanium alloys with different vibration directions and cutting speeds. The synergistic mechanism among diamond，graphene， diamond/graphene composite nanofluids and ultrasonic vibration was analysed. The results show that all modes of ultrasonic vibration may reduce the main cutting force and increase the compressive residual stress， but the ultrasonic vibration in depth of cut direction may enlarge surface roughness. During the ultrasonic vibration asssted cutting，graphene nanosheets may generate interlayer shear effect and enhance heat transfer，thus reducing the cuting forces，decreasing the values of surface roughness，and increasing the compressive residual stresses. The dominant effects of diamond nanoparticles are scratching and polishing under the conditions of high-speed cuttng and vibrations in feed direction，which may reduce the values of surface roughness of Ra to 50% . Diamond/graphene composite nanofluid exhibites balanced performances and reduces the main cutting force and surface roughness than that of palm oil in all three cutting modes， namely the speed-depth of cut direction eliptical ultrasonic vibration-assisted low-speed cutting，the speed-depth of cut direction eliptical ultrasonic vibration-assisted high-speed cutting and the speed-feed direction elliptical ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting. The maximum reductions of main cutting force and Ra were both larger than 20% ：

Key words：ultrasonic vibration；minimum quantity lubrication（MQL）；nanofluid; titanium alloy；turning

0 引言

切削液被广泛应用于切削加工过程，用于减小切削力、降低切削温度、延长刀具寿命并改善加工表面完整性等[1]。随着技术的进步，传统浇注式冷却润滑在成本和环境等方面的缺陷越来越受到关注。例如，浇注式冷却润滑难以将切削液输运进人切削区域，切削液利用率较低，为了达到较好的冷却润滑效果，切削液用量大，切削液成本占到总制造成本的 7～17%^[2-3] ;矿物油基切削液对人体健康和环境生态具有巨大的威胁[4]。因此，研究更加绿色高效的冷却润滑技术已成为切削加工领域的一项重要任务。

近年来，研究人员陆续提出了干切削、微量润滑（minimum quantity lubrication，MQL）切削、低温切削等新型绿色切削加工技术[5-7]。干切削完全避免了切削液的使用，但恶劣的切削工况会导致刀具的快速磨损，进而破坏加工表面完整性[8]。低温切削是在加工过程中采用液氮、液态二氧化碳或低温气体作为冷却剂，既具有高效的冷却性能，又不会产生污染物[9]，但这些低温流体的润滑性能有限，且成本相对较高。相比之下，MQL是将压缩气体与少量切削液混合形成高速喷射的雾滴以提高切削液进入切削区的效率，可以在获得较好润滑效果的同时显著减少切削液的消耗[10]。

然而，较小的切削液流量限制了MQL技术的润滑和冷却性能，难以满足难加工材料的高速切削加工需求。为此，研究人员提出通过在切削液中加人适量纳米颗粒形成纳米流体来提高MQL液滴的导热和润滑性能，即纳米流体微量润滑技术 （nanofluid minimum quantity lubrica-tion，NMQL）[1]。……