γ-TiA1合金的加工特性及能场辅助技术研究进展
2025-08-13范滔姚倡锋谭靓






中图分类号:TG506
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.04.001 开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
Research Progresses for Machining Characteristics and Field-assisted Techniques of γ -TiAl Alloys
FAN Tao1,2 YAO Changfeng1,2* TAN Liang1,2 1.Key Laboratory of High Performance Manufacturing for Aero Engine,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,710072 2.Engieering Research Center of Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Aero Engine,Ministry of Education,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,710072
Abstract: γ-TiAl alloys,due to their low density, high specific strength and excellnt high-temperature oxidation resistance had broad application potentials in the aerospace fields. However,due to their high britleness and low room-temperature plasticity,they were considered typical difficult-tomachine materials,with challenges such as high cuting forces, rapid tool wear and surface defects during the machining processes. In recent years, field-assisted machining technologies provided new solutions to these issues. The material properties, machining characteristics,and surface integrity of γ -TiAl alloys were systematically analyzed, with a focus on the research progresses of field-assisted machining technologies,including their applications in reducing cutting forces, extending tool life and improving surface quality. Additionally, the current research limitations and future development trends were sorted out,aiming to provide theoretical and technical references for the eficient machining of γ TiAl alloys.
Key words: γ-TiAl alloy;difficult-to-machine material; surface integrity; field-assisted machining
0 引言
随着航空航天技术的快速发展,下一代高性能航空发动机对材料性能提出了更加苛刻的要求,包括更高的比强度、更低的密度、更好的高温性能和更优异的抗氧化能力[1]。这些特性对减小发动机质量、提高推重比以及提高燃油效率至关重要。传统的镍基高温合金虽然具备优异的高温性能,但其密度高 (8.9~9.2g/cm3) ,显著增大了发动机整体质量,成为进一步提高发动机性能的瓶颈。为此,寻找具有轻量化与高温抗氧化特性的替代材料成为航空发动机研发的关键方向。相比之下, γ -TiAl基材料密度(约 3.9g/cm3) 仅为镍基高温合金的一半,同时具有高比强度、高温抗氧化性能以及优异的抗蠕变性能[2],可将航空发动机叶片的工作温度提高至 700∘C 以上,质量减小 20%~30% ,大幅提高推重比,使其在巡航速度、燃油消耗率等指标上表现优异[3]。因此, γ-TiA1合金逐渐成为航空发动机高压压气机叶片和低压涡轮叶片的理想材料[4]。需要说明的是,尽管\" γ -TiA1合金\"这一名称在工程文献中普遍使用,其主导相 γ -TiAl本质上是一种 L10 型(面心四方结构)金属间化合物,Ti和A1原子比为1:1 ,然而实际工程材料常通过添加Nb、Mo等元素形成固溶体,或与 α2-Ti3Al 相构成双相组织,因此在本文中“ γ -TiAl合金\"特指以 γ 相为基体的多组元体系。
然而, γ -TiA1合金在航空发动机上的广泛应用仍面临严峻挑战。由于其滑移系较少、伯格斯矢量较大,材料内应力集中难以释放,表现出显著的脆性和低室温延展性(仅 2%~4% ),被认为是“典型的难加工材料\"[5]。……
