关键词：航空发动机叶片；夹具；有限元分析；装夹方案；模态测试

中图分类号：V263

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.04.007 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Design of Jig and Fixture for Machining Precision Forged Blade Tenons of Aeroengine

ZHANG Shen1 LIANG Jiawei² WU Dongbo³ WANG Hui4 ZHAO Bing1 XU Lijun5ZHOU Fen5 1.School of Mechanical Engineering，Qinghai University，Xining，810016

2.Department of Mechanical Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing，100084 3.Institute for Aero Engine，Tsinghua University，Beijing，l00084 4.Institute for Aero Engine，Beihang University，Beijing，l00191 5.AECC Aviation Power Co.，Ltd.，Xi'an，710021

Abstract： Precision forged blades of aeroengine were a typical thin-walled parts with complex curved surface. When miling the blade tenons， it was difficult to locate and easy to produce deformations and vibrations. Aiming at the above problems，a design method of multi-point clamping fixture for precision forged blades was proposed，and a low stress hard clamping fixture was designed. Static analysis was used to optimize the clamping position，select the coping element materials and optimize the clamping method. The effectiveness of the fixture was tested by modal tests and vibration tests. The results show that the low-band amplitude of the system is reduced by 50% ，the high-band amplitude by 75% ，the first-order resonance frequency is increased from 210Hz to 402Hz ，the damping ratio under the peak value is increased from 17.4% to 25.9% ，the effective value of vibration displacement signals is reduced by 35% ，and the machining error margin is reduced by 59% ：

Key words： aeroengine blade; Jig and fixture； finite element analysis；clamping scheme；modal test

0 引言

航空发动机是整个飞机的核心，其性能对航空发动机的整体表现起着决定性作用。叶片作为航空发动机的关键部件之一，因其复杂的形状、严格的质量要求以及高昂的加工成本，一直是制造领域的重难点[1-2]。在叶片制造过程中，精密锻造技术因其独特的优势而备受关注。精密锻造是在普通模锻基础上发展起来的一种近净成形工艺方法，该技术通过对叶片叶身进行精锻，可以获得沿叶片形状分布的光滑金属流线和均匀细小的晶粒，满足航空发动机对叶片叶身的精度要求。然而，叶片的进气边、排气边、叶尖和榫头部位结构复杂且加工精度要求高，需要进行二次数控加工[3-5]。其中，进气边、排气边和叶尖部位的加工余量较小，允许通过固定叶身和工艺凸台以及榫头进行二次加工，以确保加工精度。对于榫头部位，由于其加工余量相对较大，且在加工过程中仅依靠叶身表面进行定位，因此在加工过程中极易发生定位精度下降和叶片结构损伤，从而影响叶片的整体性能和使用寿命[]

现阶段，我国航空发动机精锻叶片榫头二次加工主要采用低熔点合金浇注工艺方法。该工艺方法通过将低熔点合金浇注至叶片周围形成合金块来实现叶片的定位与夹紧。然而，该工艺方法存在如下若干局限性：定位基准的转换可能导致定位精度降低；……