高通量测序技术在豆瓣微生物研究中的应用进展
2025-08-09赵露谢仕玲李幽幽刘荣军施要强
Advances in the Application of High-Throughput Sequencing Technology in the Study of Microbial Communities in Douban
ZHAO Lu, XIE Shiling, LI Youyou, LIU Rongjun, SHI Yaoqiang (SichuanWater Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu 61l231, China)
Abstract: Douban, as a traditional fermented bean product in China, involves a complex microbial community in its fermentation process,which plays a crucial role in the favor, nutritional value,and safetyof the product.This article systematically explains the principles and characteristics of high-throughput sequencing technology,and focuses on exploring its application progress in theanalysis of microbial community diversity,dynamic succession research, functional prediction and metabolic network analysis,as wellas processoptimization and quality control in Douban. Research has shown that high-throughput sequencing technology not only provides strong support for revealing the composition, metabolic functions,and flavor substance formation mechanisms of microorganisms duringthe fermentation processofDouban,but also provides scientific basis foroptimizing fermentationprocesses, improving product quality and safety,and promoting the modernization process of traditional fermented food production.
Keywords: high-throughput sequencing; Douban; microbiology
豆瓣作为一种典型的发酵食品,是中国传统豆类发酵制品的杰出代表。其因风味醇厚、红棕油亮、酱香浓郁等特点,已成为川菜烹饪中必不可少的调味品,享有“川菜之魂”的美誉[。高通量测序技术具有无须培养微生物、可高分辨率解析菌群结构和功能基因等优势,在食品微生物研究领域受到了研究人员的广泛关注和青睐,已成为该领域的重要研究工具之一[2]。近年来,随着高通量测序技术在豆瓣微生物研究中的广泛应用,其在解析豆瓣细菌群落结构、丰度及演替规律方面发挥了重要作用。同时,结合顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法(HeadspaceSolid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/MassSpectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS),研究人员能够深入分析豆瓣中特征挥发性风味物质与优势细菌群落之间的相关性。这些技术手段的应用,推动了豆瓣微生物研究从传统的“经验驱动”模式向更加精准的“数据驱动”模式转变,为豆瓣发酵工艺优化和品质提升提供了科学依据。
1高通量测序技术概述
1.1高通量测序技术原理
高通量测序技术,也被称为下一代测序(Next-GenerationSequencing,NGS)或大规模并行测序,是一种能够在单次运行中同时处理多个样本的测序技术。高通量测序技术是现代基因组学研究中的核心方法之一,它通过将脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)或互补脱氧核糖核酸(cDNA)进行随机片段化、加接头和文库构建等步骤,结合大规模并行测序技术对数以万计的基因片段进行延伸反应,并通过检测信号检测获取序列信息。该技术不仅速度快、效率高,还能够生成海量的遗传信息,已被广泛应用于传统发酵食品的菌群研究[3]。……
