Application of Quantum Dot Technology in the Rapid Detection of Norfloxacin in Animal-Derived Foods

MA Zhenwei， PAN Guodong， CHEN Xia， LI Yuan， YANG Lan （Hebei Food Qualityand Safety Technology Monitoring Center， Shijiazhuang O5oo91， China）

Abstract： The problem of drug residues caused by the wide use of norfloxacin in livestock，poultry and aquaculture is becoming increasingly serious，which puts forward higher requirements for detection technology. Quantum dot technology has become a key means to construct new detection systems due to its excellent fluorescence properties，good interface modifcation ability and structural controllability.This paper systematically reviews the quantum dot detection methods based on immune recognition， aptamer recognition and molecular imprinting mechanisms，compares their differences in construction methods，types of adapted samples and detection performance，and analyzes their applicability in rapid screening ofcomplex matrices，aiming to provide atheoretical basis and technical reference for the rapid detection of small molecule drug residues in animal-derived foods.

Keywords： quantum dot; norfloxacin; animal-derived food

诺氟沙星作为一种氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物，因其抗菌谱广、成本低、代谢稳定等特点，被广泛应用于畜禽养殖与水产养殖领域。然而，其在动物源性食品中的残留问题日益突出，长期摄入可能对人体肝肾功能、免疫系统及微生物耐药性产生不良影响，已成为食品安全监管的重点控制项目。现有检测方法如高效液相色谱、气质联用等虽具有良好灵敏度，但检测流程复杂、设备依赖性强、现场适应性差，难以满足基层快检与大规模筛查的需求[1]。

在此背景下，基于纳米材料的荧光检测技术获得广泛关注。量子点因具备尺寸可控、发光性能优异、表面功能化程度高等优势，在构建高灵敏度、可现场化的药物残留检测体系中展现出巨大潜力。通过调控其结构与表面性质，可实现与多种识别结构的协同集成，从而完成对目标分子的高效识别与荧光响应。本文围绕量子点在动物源性食品诺氟沙星快速检测中的实际应用展开，系统梳理其识别机制构建路径与工程化发展现状，为后续技术优化与推广提供参考依据。

1量子点技术的原理

量子点（QuantumDots，QDs）是一类由半导体材料构成的纳米晶体，尺寸通常在 2～10nm 。其核心物理特性来源于量子限域效应，当其尺寸缩小至激子玻尔半径以下时，电子和空穴的运动受限，能带结构转变为离散能级，从而赋予其独特的光学性能。具体表现为激发光谱宽、发射光谱窄、波长随粒径可调、荧光强度高且稳定性强，适合构建高信噪比的荧光检测体系。……