中图分类号：S154.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2333-12

doi：10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.07.027

引用格式：，等．新疆草地生态系统土壤保持服务评估与风险管理[J].草地学报，2025，33（7）：2333一 2344 TAWen-yan，LIUYa-li，ZHANGJing，etal.Soil Conservation Service AssessmentandRisk Managementof Grass landEcosystem in Xinjiang[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica，2O25，33（7） ：2333-2344

Soil Conservation Service Assessment and Risk Management of Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang

TA Wen-yan，LIU Ya-li， ZHANG Jing，LI Yao-ming，MAIMAITIYIMING Gu-linuer， JI Bao-ming* （School ofGrassand Science，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing lOoo83，China）

Abstract：Xinjiang isanimportant ecological barrer area and thecore region of the\"BeltandRoad Initiative\"in China.The soil conservation service of grassland is crucial for preventing soil erosion，water loss and desertification.Based on data of grassland types，precipitation，soil texture，etc.，the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation（RUSLE）was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of soil conservation of Xinjiang grassland from l980 to 2O2Oand to identify its hotspots.The influencing factors were analyzed by the Geodetector method，and the risk levels were analyzed by supply and demand risk system. Our results showed that：The soil conservation service of grassands showed an increasing trend from 198O to 2O2O，with alpine meadows， mountain meadows and temperate steppe having a stronger soil conservation capacity. The hot spots were mainly concentrated in northern Xinjiang，while the cold spots are in the Junggar Basin and southern Xinjiang.The spatial heterogeneity ofsoil conservation service is mainly afected by natural factors such as slope and precipitation. The risk level of soil conservation supply and demand in most areas was safe，and the vulnerable areas were mainly distributed in temperate desert grassands in southern and northern Xinjiang.Based on these results，the management measures to maintain and enhance the soil conservation service of grassland to reduce soil erosion and desertification and to build the ecological security barrier in the northwest were discussed.

Key words：Xinjiang grassand ecosystem service;Soil conservation service;Soil erosion;Supply and demand risk

新疆草地面积占全国草地面积的 14.58% ，约占全疆面积的 1/3 ，其资源丰富，类型多样，具有重要的生态功能和社会、经济、文化价值1，是我国西北地区的生态安全屏障，也是中亚荒漠带向我国东部地区蔓延的重要防御带。新疆草地满足了全疆约 70% 的放牧需求2，对维持畜牧业发展和牧民生计具有重要意义。然而，在气候变暖和极端气候事件频发的背景下，新疆的冰川萎缩、积雪面积减少、气象干旱加剧，导致植被生物量减少、沙漠绿洲面积缩小和水土流失增加[3]。上世纪80年代至21世纪初，大面积开垦和过度放牧，新疆 80% 以上的天然草地都出现了不同程度的退化，其中 60% 的草地退化较为严重，了新疆土壤退化和沙漠化[4-6]。合理的草地生态系统管理措施能够有效抵御新疆沙漠扩张[，其中草地土壤保持服务能够有效防止水土流失、土壤侵蚀和沙漠化。因此，准确评估新疆草地的土壤保持服务，有助于指导和规划水土保持区，对新疆生态安全具有重要意义。

草地生态系统能够直接或间接地为人类生存和发展提供必要的生产和生活资料，包括物质基础和环境条件等[8]。草地生态系统的服务包括物质供给、调节服务和文化服务，其中土壤保持作为草地生态系统服务中一项重要的调节服务9，日益受到重视，尤其是土壤退化和荒漠化地区。早在……