中图分类号：S153.6 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2162-10

引用格式：，等.生草覆盖对有机猕猴桃园土壤有机碳组分和微生物群落特征的影响[J].草地学报， 2025，33（7） ：2162—2171 CAI Ming-ming，CHEN Hui-min，WANG Xiao-tie，et al. Efects of Cover Crops on Soil Organic Carbon and Micro bialCommunity CharacteristicsofOrganic Kiwifruit Orchards inGuanzhong Region[J].ActaAgrestia Sinica，2025，33 （7）：2162-2171

Effects of Cover Crops on Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Community Characteristics of Organic Kiwifruit Orchards in Guanzhong Region

CAI Ming-ming1， CHEN Hui-min1， WANG Xiao-tie²， TAN Hua1， CHEN Jia-xuan1，LONG Ming-xiul* （1.College of Grassand Agriculture，Northwest Aamp;F Universty，Yangling，ShaanxiProvince 7121oo，China; 2.Baiheng Organic KiwiOrchards Co.，Ltd.，Yangling，Shaanxi Province 712loo，China）

Abstract：To further evaluate the effects ofcover crops on soil organic carbon fractions and microbial community structure in organic kiwifruit orchards（Actinidia chinensis），a field experiment was conducted at an orchard from 202O to 2O23 in Baiheng，Yangling，Shaanxi Province，China. Whiteclover（Trifolium repens） was sown as the cover crop，and clean tilage（CT）was served as the control. Soil organic carbon fractions，microbial residue carbon，and microbial community structure were analyzed in the 0-20cm soil layer under three-year-old inter-row areas of white clover.The results showed that cover crop significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon，microbial biomass nitrogen， β -1，4-glucosidase，and β-1，4 -xylosidase activities（ Plt;0.05 ，while sig nificantly decreased dissolved organic carbon content by 25.87% （ Plt;0.01 . The evenness and diversity of soil bacteria significantly reduced （ Plt;0.05） ，leading to an increase in negative competitive relationships among bacterial species.There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon，microbial residue carbon， and aggregate stability （Plt;0.05） .In conclusion，the use of white clover as a cover crop in organic kiwifruit orchards in the Guanzhong region not only enhanced the content of surface soil organic carbon fractions and carbon-cycling enzyme activities，but also promoteds soil carbon cycling and the stability of organic mater by optimizing the ecological structure and functional capacity of the soil microbial community.

Keywords：Soil organic carbon;Microbial necromass carbon;Soil microbialcommunity;Cover crops in orchard

我国是世界弼猴桃第一生产大国，弼猴桃也是陕西省仅次于苹果产业的第二大特色支柱产业，在促进当地农户增收致富、助力中国乡村振兴发展中发挥着巨大作用。然而传统弼猴桃园行间土壤基本采用清耕模式，为追求高产大量施用化肥，导致土壤结构退化、有机质含量降低[1，产生较高的有机碳侵蚀率与矿化率，从而影响果品质量。果园生草作为一种现代果园土壤健康管理的重要措施，其对土壤的培肥改良效果已得到国内外业界公认，能够调节土壤微生物活性[2]，增加土壤有机质含量，从而提升土壤的水分保持能力和抗侵蚀能力[3]。白三叶（Trifoliumrepens）作为北方果园生草的优势物种，因其适应性广、再生能力和共生固氮性强，广泛应用于有机旱作果园管理模式[4-5]。

土壤有机碳作为土壤肥力和质量的核心要素，在维持土壤质量、作物生产力和促进生态系统可持续性方面具有关键作用。诸多研究表明，生草覆盖能够显著提高土壤有机碳源输人，调节土壤温湿度和提高土壤团聚体稳定性来减少有机碳矿化8，从而提升果园土壤的固碳潜力[9]。同时，土壤微生物不仅通过分解作用调节植物源碳的循环，还能通过合成代谢促进微生物源碳的生成，对土壤有机碳循环具有重要作用。梁超等10提出土壤微生物通过体内周转和体外修饰两种途径共同调控有机碳的形成，而代谢产物及其残体的“续埋效应”是土壤有机碳固持的关键因子，其中微生物残体对土壤有机碳积累的直接贡献超过 50% 。……