中图分类号：S816 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-0435（2025）07-2132-08

引用格式：，等.雨淋对苜蓿干燥过程中营养品质及真菌菌群结构的影响[J].草地学报，2025，33（7）： 2132—2139 LIU Li-ying，WANG Yu-zhi，LIU Zhi-gang，et al. Efects of Rainfallon Nutritional Quality and Fungal Community Structure in Alfalfa During Drying Process[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2O25，33（7） ：2132—2139

Effects of Rainfall on Nutritional Quality and Fungal Community Structure in Alfalfa During Drying Process

LIU Li-ying1，WANG Yu-zhi1，LIU Zhi-gang²，LIU Hong-mei1， YANG Yi-wen1，DING Xia ³ ， SUN Lin4* （1.IerogoldtrcybtKbto andEngieignaoteogoliai；ergoliatooueiotalogaid substatioda goliaO102o，ina;4ergoladegiculturalndimalHusbadrieesotrongolia）

Abstract：exposing rain is very easy to cause mildew and deteriration during the drying process of the second and thirdcutings of alfalfa hay innorthern areas.To investigate the impactof rainfallon thenutritional quality and fungal community succession in alfalfa （Medicago satioa L.）during the drying process，this study analyzed the moisture content，nutritional components，and fungal diversity in alfalfa under rain-exposedand rain-free conditions.The findings revealed that rainfallat theharvest stage extended the drying period by 3to 4 days.At the ninth day of drying，the concentrations of crude protein（CP），soluble protein （SP），and water-soluble carbohydrates（WSC）in the exposed-rain group significantly decreased by 6.49% ， 0.92% ，and 0.83% ，respectively，while neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） significantly increased by 3.60% （20号 and 3.81%（Plt;0.05） ，respectively，compared to the non-rain group. As the drying duration extended，DM， NDF，and ADF levels significantly increased，whereas CP，SP and WSC levels significantly decreased in both groups. Seven predominant mold genera（Alternaria，Mycocentrospora，Ascochyta， Fusarium，Moesziomyces，Stemphylium，Cladosporium）were identified on the surface of the hay during the drying process.Rainfall increased the sum abundance values of the 7 types of fungi in alfalfa hay by 13.89% . Additionally，Mycocentrospora exhibited an extremely significant negative correlation with CP and significant negative corelations with SPand WSC. In summary，rainfallsignificantly prolonged the drying timeof alfalfa，and exacerbated the loss of nutrients and the risk of mildew.

Key Words： Rainfall; Drying ;Alfalfa;Nutritional quality ; Fungi

紫花苜蓿（MedicagosatiuaL.）作为栽培面积最大的全球性优质饲草和现代草牧业发展的首选牧草[1]，其产业化水平和经济价值最高，在现代畜牧业发展中具有重要战略意义。首蓿干草作为现代畜牧业应用的主要饲草类型，其品质已成为影响家畜健康和畜产品安全的重要因素。由于我国苜蓿种植区多雨热同季，尤其是北方苜蓿产区2、3茬草收获期与雨季重叠，苜蓿干草大田生产的环境条件难以把控，生产的苜蓿干草品质参差不齐，严重影响着我国优质苜蓿干草生产及饲草安全[2]。

目前，雨淋、潮湿等气候是造成苜蓿干草品质损耗和霉烂变质的主要因素。雨淋可使苜蓿粗蛋白损失率达 35% 左右3，连续阴雨天可使苜蓿营养物质损失 50% 以上[4]。雨季收获的苜蓿干草极易滋生霉菌、产生大量霉菌毒素，导致苜蓿干草霉烂变质。研究表明，影响干草品质的主要霉菌有镰刀菌属、曲霉菌属、青霉菌属、葡萄球菌属和头孢菌属[5-7]，饲草霉变后危害其品质安全的主要毒素有：黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、T2毒素、呕吐毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮8，引发饲草霉烂变质与干燥环境、饲草原料中的霉菌数量与种类等息息相关。目前，国内外关于雨淋对苜蓿干草调制影响的研究主要集中在雨淋对干草品质耗损方面，但有关雨淋对苜蓿干草调制过程中真菌群落结构的影响研究鲜有报道。……