果树-菌菇间种系统对病虫害综合抑制效应的研究
2025-07-21赵郭春华安胜
中图分类号:S436 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-9902(2025)12-0027-05
Abstract:Toevaluate thecomprehensiveinhibitoryefectsofapple tree-mushroom intereroppingonmajorapplepestsand diseases,arandomizedblock designwasimplementedwith threetreatments:apple monoculture,aple-mushroomintercroping, andmushroommonoculture.Thestudymonitoredthediseaseindexofappleanthracnose,fruitinfestationrateoftheoriental fruit moth,andmoldcontaminationrateofmushrooms,whileanalyzingsoilphysicochemicalproperties,enzymeactivities,microbial communitycharacteristics,aswellasplantdisease-resistantenzymeactivtiesandfruitquality.Resultsdemonstratedthat intercropping significantly reduced the apple anthracnose disease index (by 39.9% ),oriental fruit moth infestation rate (by (20 40.9% ),and mushroom mold contamination rate(by 42.8% ).Concurrently, soil organic matter and nutrient content increased, enzymeactiesimproved,microbialdiversityhancedandtherelativeabundnceofbenefcialmicroorganismsoseAle tresexhibitedheighteneddisease-resistantenzymeactivitiesandimprovedfruitquality.Thefindingsindicatethatapplemushroomintercropingffectivelysuppresesaplepestsanddiseases,enhancessoilhealthandcropquality,demonstrating significant potential for widespread adoption.
Keywords: fruit tree;mushroom; intercropping;disease and pest; soil environment
果树产业在全球农业中占据着重要地位,为人类提供丰富的营养和经济收益。然而,果树栽培过程中,病虫害的发生严重影响了果实的产量和品质,给果农带来了巨大的经济损失[1]。传统的病虫害防治主要依赖于化学农药,但长期大量使用化学农药不仅导致环境污染和农药残留问题,还引发了病原菌和害虫的抗药性增强,威胁生态环境和人类健康[2。为了解决上述问题,农业生产者和研究者开始探索生态友好型的病虫害防控策略。间种作为一种传统且有效的农业实践,通过在同一空间和时间种植不同的作物,利用作物间的相互作用,可以改善农田生态环境,减少病虫害的发生率3]。特别是果树与其他作物的间种,不仅能提高土地利用率,还能发挥互利共生的作用,改善土壤肥力和微生物群落结构[4]。
食用菌作为一种高附加值的农产品,具有丰富的营养价值和广阔的市场需求。近年来,食用菌的栽培技术不断成熟,其在农业生态系统中的作用也逐渐受到关注。研究表明,食用菌的栽培残渣可作为有机肥料,增加土壤有机质含量,改善土壤结构,促进土壤微生物活性。在此背景下,果树与食用菌的间种模式作为一种新型的生态种植方式,具有潜在的病虫害防控效果和生态环境改善功能。然而,目前关于果树与食用菌间种对病虫害综合抑制效应的研究仍较为有限,特别是在寒冷地区。……
