辐射-蒸发集成式被动冷却木材的设计与性能研究
2025-06-13陈鹏宇刘薇王稳升许冬男常少聪孙壮志






中图分类号:S776.05 文献标识码:A DOI:10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.014
Abstract:Inorder tosolve theproblemsofconventionalradiativecoling devices limitedbythetheoretical cooling power limit of
and by the inhibition of radiant power by low-temperature condensate on the radiant surface and the intrinsic waterunder high humidityconditions,anasymmetricfunctional structuredesign basedonunidirectionalliquid transport proposes a passvelycooled wood(REW)with radiative refrigeration and evaporative cooling integrated in series.The wood isdelignified byasodium chloritesolution toenhance its hydrophilicity;thenahydrophobic silica/ epoxysolution withhighreflectivityand infrared emisson properties iscoatedonthetopof thehydrophilic woodtoforma hydrophobicradiativecolinglayer,while the hydrophilic woodat thebottomservesasanevaporative coling layer.By virtueof the asymmetric weting design withunidirectional watertransport,low-temperature condensatecanbespontaneouslytransported through theradiation-cooling layertotheevaporative-colinglayer forevaporativecoling,whereas the native water intheevaporative-colinglayeris unable topassthrough theradiation-coolinglayertoinhibitradiation.As a result,basedonthetandem integrationofradiant-evaporativecoling,theREWachieves a maximumcooling powerof (20
during daytime,and
even at high humidity of 80 % ,which is more than 2.8 times higher than that ofradiantcooling alone.The potential application of REW inenergy-efficientcoolingof buildings is demonstrated through building models,providing auniversal optimisation strategyforexpanding the practical applicationof passive cooling and new insights into the functional utilisation of wood resources.
Keywords:Radiative cooling;evaporative cooling;integrated;unidirectional water transfer;wood
0 引言
随着社会经济的不断发展,全球变暖与能源短缺等问题快速加剧[1-2]。国际能源署(IEA)数据显示,2022年全球冷却系统共消耗电力约
,间接产生了约10亿t二氧化碳排放。而空调与相关冷却设备的使用是其中的主要能源消耗来源之一。与传统的能源消耗型冷却方式不同,辐射冷却[4蒸发冷却等被动冷却方式无须能源输入即可提供显著的制冷量,为解决能源一冷却关系问题提供了一种极具吸引力的可行途径。
在过去几年中,通过超材料[5]、聚合物材料[6-7]、光子结构[8]和界面微结构[9-10]等先进的材料与结构设计,日间最大辐射冷却功率已经超过
。然而,夜间、雨天等高湿度条件下低温辐射表面冷凝水的形成限制了其实际冷却性能[12]。更重要的是,
的固有理论冷却功率极限被认为是阻碍辐射冷却进一步扩展的主要障碍[13]。此外,水基蒸发冷却[14]作为另一种主要的被动冷却策略,基于水的蒸发相变可提供数倍于辐射冷却的制冷功率。但持续的供水需求增加了其系统设计难度并限制了使用范围。最近,一些工作通过将辐射冷却与蒸发冷却系统集成[15-16],并通过自吸湿设计实现水的自供给,协同冷却功率远超单辐射冷却理论极限。然而,当前研究大多只是将2种冷却策略简单组装[17-18],忽略了冷凝水与蒸发冷却层中本体水对辐射冷却层的抑制作用。此外,当前的蒸发-辐射集成式冷却系统主要以水凝胶等材料为基底,高昂的成本、复杂的工艺以及较差的机械强度与耐久度等问题限制了广泛应用。……
