中图分类号：TU94；TU445 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.019

Abstract：To predict and control the frost heave behavior of surounding rock in frezing construction，basedon the theoryof accumulated deformation energy in elastoplastic materials with expansion tendencies，this study analyzed that frozen soil with expansion tendencies under constraints possessed such deformation energy，which manifested as frost heave stress andfrost heave strain when the constraints were insuffcient orreleased.Therefore，this paper proposed the conceptand expressionoffrostheave potential onthe basisof the theoryof elasticdeformation energy.Thisconcept， with frost heave stress and frost heave strain functions as parameters，represented the deformation energy accumulated in the soil duetofreezingofthesurroundingrock．Basedonthis，aseriesoffrostheave tests wereconductedonsiltyclay along asubway line.Calculations yielded frost heave stress and frost heave strain at diferent temperatures.When the freezing temperature was ，the frost heave stress，frost heave strain，and frost heave rate were O.338 MPa， 0 . 4 4 6 % ，and 3. 13 % ，respectively. The calculated results were in good agreement with the actual engineering requirements.Frost heave potentialcanbeused to describe the overallfost heavebehaviorof rock and soil massesand provides a new perspective and approach for enriching and developing frozen soil theory and freezing method technology.

Keywords：Freezing method construction；frostheave stress；frost heave strain;frost heave potential； frost heave rate

0 引言

人工冻结法施工是岩土体加固的一种有效方式，多用于隧道联络通道施工、软弱土层开挖和高含水率地下土层渗透等工程中[1-4]。但在冻结和解冻时，土体会不可避免地产生冻胀和融沉，进而会影响支护结构的稳定性、安全性和耐久性。

为此众多学者对预测和控制冻结法施工中围岩的冻胀变形问题进行了广泛研究。蔡海兵等[5-6通过理论与数值模拟先后提出了不同冻结阶段隧道冻胀位移预测方法与隧道水平冻结期地层位移的热力耦合数值分析方法。Yang等7提出了一种针对地表竖向冻胀位移的水热力耦合预测模型。吴东军等8通过建立土体冻融试验装置研究了温度、含水率对水分迁移的影响。Yue等通过采用有限元分析方法得到了人工地面冻结期间冻胀压力和隧道变形随冻结温度、时间的规律。崔宏环等研究了季节区粉质黏土路基的冻胀特性，开发了冻胀模型。董建华等[研究了不同冻胀模式下隧道施工引起的地表竖向位移。

土体的冻胀力和冻胀变形与其含水率、外部荷载和土体密实度等因素密切相关[12-14]。增大外部荷载会减小冻胀变形，但同时会增大冻胀力。同样，减小外部荷载能够降低冻胀力，但会诱发较大的冻胀变形，进而引发解冻后的过大融沉。可见，冻胀力与冻胀变形的研究均不能直接反映土体的冻融力学性能。因此，建立冻胀力与冻胀变形之间的关系，从能量角度评价土体的力学状态，进而构建工程冷源与土体冻结能量之间的关系，对冻结工程具有理论指导意义。……