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大兴安岭林区杆塔基础病害特征及防治措施

2025-06-13林峻岑张航李国玉苏安双高凯曹亚鹏陈敦王旭王淼

森林工程 2025年3期

中图分类号:TU445 文献标识码:A DOI:10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.021

Abstract:Thefailure of structures or components in permafrost caused by foundation diseases poses a certain threat to the ecologicalsecurityofforestregion.Basedonfieldinvestigationsoffoundationsofpowerfoundationsalong thesection Jagdaqi-Mo'heof Beijing-Mo'he nationalhighwayand China-Russia crude oil pipelines(CRCOPs)nearthe forest region in permafrost in Northeastern China,the maindistresscharacteristicsand countermeasures ofthe foundations wereanalyzed and summarized,and improved countermeasures were proposed.The results from field surveys showed that transmission line towers foundations suffered from frost jacking accounted for 18. 1 % ,including uniform frost jacking ( 8 . 5 % )and nonuniform frost jacking ( 9 . 6 % ),while foundations with thaw settlement occupied only 3 . 7 % .Fissures ( 2 . 7 % ) spalling ( 2 . 7 % ) ,cracks ( 4 . 3 % ),erosion ( 5 . 9 % ),tilt ( 3 . 7 % ) ),and fracture ( 0 . 5 % ) occurred on the concrete foundation surface.The influences of nonuniform frost jackingand tilting had great influenceonthe safetyofthe tower.The concrete protective caps were more severely damaged by frost action,exhibiting fissures ( 1 5 . 4 % ),spalling ( 8 . 5 % ) cracks ( 1 5 . 4 % ),and erosion( 5 8 % ).Similarly,the tilting and collapse of utility poles were primarily caused by frost jacking and crack.Basedon the abovedamages,itissuggested to buildlong-term monitoring systems for tracking the structure in permafrost regions,improveandoptimizetheexisting mitigative measures.Thefindings providesomereferences forthedesign,construction,and damage preventionofinfrastructures inpermafrostregions,aiming tomitigatethe impact of engineering on the ecological environment of natural forest region.

KeyWords:Da Xing'anling;forest region;permafrost regions;poleand tower;transmission line;foundations;distress investigation;mitigative measures

0 引言

我国多年冻土主要分布在青藏高原、西北高山与东北高纬度区域,占国土陆地面积的 。大量在营和拟建基础设施位于或穿越多年冻土区,而稳定的冻土环境是保证其安全运营的前提。然而气候暖湿化和工程扰动正加剧多年冻土(热敏感性)发生不可逆性的退化。多年冻土退化对自然资源与生态环境的稳定构成了严重威胁2」,同时造成基础设施破坏和重大经济损失[3]。比较典型病害主要发生在管道[4]、输电线5与交通路线6等生命线工程沿线。预计至21世纪中叶,北半球 4 8 % ~ 8 7 % 的基础设施将处于高风险状态[7]。

输电线杆塔作为重要的能源供应基础设施,受多年冻土退化影响显著。杆塔周围土体的冻胀与融沉将增加地基和基础的不稳定性,进而危害上部结构。对此,不少学者通过采用现场监测[8、室内试验9和数值模拟[10等方法展开了深入研究。浅基础设计与塔基建设均采用多种防控策略并实时监测土体的热力状态[5,11-12],有效保证了工程安全。但基础监测范围及内容存在一定的局限性,难以覆盖到线路所有工程点及相关病害问题。实地调查可分析不良冻土地质长周期冻融作用对结构运营的影响以及各种防护措施的效果和适用性。近年来,针对路桥、涵洞、管道、房屋以及电力杆塔等基础设施的系统详细调查相继展开[13-19],为工程病害预防和治理提供了借鉴和指导。

大兴安岭地区多年冻土广泛发育,森林覆盖率高达 8 5 % 以上,对维护区域生态平衡、气候调节与水土保持等方面起着不可替代的作用。……

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