中图分类号：U419.3 文献标识码：A DOI： 10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.020

Abstract：Thedynamicresponse characteristicsofthe initial supportunderblasting willafecttheconstruction safety and schedule.In order to study the dynamic responsecharacteristicsof tunnel initial support under diferent factors， combined with thetunnel blasting projectofforestfarm，the vibrationvelocityand stressdistributionlaws of tunnel initialsupportundertheinfluenceofage，footagelengthanddetonationtimeinterval wereanalyzedbycombining field monitoring and numerical simulation，and Moris screening method was introduced to analyzethe influence degree of each factor. The results show that the peak vibration velocity of the initial support presents Vgt;Vxruleunderdifferent penetrationlength，age and detonation time interval，andthe tensile stress is much larger thantheshearstress.The vibrationvelocityandstressoftheinitialsupportchangesharplyduringtheageof1-3d，andgraduallytendtobeflatafter 7 days，the attenuation rate of the x -axisis the largest，followedby the z -axis，and the y -axis is the smallest.With the increase of footage length，the growth rate of particle vibration velocity presents a rule of the y -axisis thelargest，followed bythe x -axisand the z -axis.When the detonation time interval is 5ms，the stress waves cancel each otherand the vibration velocity decreases.Thedegree of influenceof the thre factors on the dynamic response characteristicsofstructural blasting isin theorderoffootage length，age，andblasting interval.Theresearch resultscan provide reference forsimilar tunnel blasting projects.

Keywords：Highway tunnel; blasting；initial support；dynamic response；numerical simulation

0 引言

钻爆法是岩质隧道开挖经济合理、应用最广泛的一种手段，而且在未来一段时间这种情况不会有太大改变[1-3]。在追求快速、高效施工的同时，爆破振动对隧道初期支护结构的影响不容忽视[4]。鉴于此，深人研究钻爆作业过程中隧道初期支护的动力响应特性，无论在工程实践还是理论研究层面，都具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

当前，国内外学者对隧道结构的爆破动力响应特性主要通过数值模拟、现场监测和理论计算等手段开展研究。叶海旺等[5]开展数值模拟试验和现场爆破试验对比研究，基于裂隙岩体精细化数值模型，得出节理裂隙面使岩体内损伤分布规律发生了变化，其损伤范围比完整岩体增加了 1 2 . 0 4 % ；王蒙等[通过现场声波测试和数值模拟研究了隧道围岩损伤效应及毫秒延期爆破中不同段炮孔对围岩损伤的影响，上台阶爆破对隧道围岩损伤范围约为 2 . 4～2 . 5m ；郭云龙等以实测振动波作为爆破荷载，分析不同围岩级别和不同隧道净距对邻近既有铁路隧道衬砌爆破动力响应的影响规律，提出采用 1 5 m s 孔间起爆延时易产生爆破振动叠加效应；许文祥等[8模拟发现，深埋小净距隧道爆破卸载后，衬砌最大位移出现在拱顶，其次出现在迎爆侧拱腰处；江伟等通过爆破振动监测及2D二维-3D三维联合模拟方法，分析了后行洞开挖过程中先行洞边墙二衬的爆破振动响应特性，得出先行洞迎爆侧拱肩至拱腰区域振动强度最大；……