Abstract：Byconducting multi-pointregional rialsonintroducedKazakhstanbirch，analyzing itsadaptability，screeningout goodfamily lines，and providinga theoretical basis forthe selectionandapplicationof introduced birch family lines.Inthis study，weanalyzedthe genetic variation paternsof tree height，diameteratbreast height（DBD），volume of timber，straightnessandother traits in2311-year-old Kazakhstani birch familylinesandtwo Chinese birchfamily linesof the Mao'ershan seed source，which were planted in Daqing，Heilongjiang Province，Shangzhi，Heilongjiang Province，and Jinzhou City，LiaoningProvince，and fitedamixed linearmodel withheteroscedasticitybyusing thesoftware package R-language ASReml4.0.Best linear unbiased prediction（BLUP） method was used to obtain the breeding values of each family line at different test locations，and combined with Genotype main efects and genotype × environment interaction（GGE）bisplot plots for comprehensive evaluation and selection of each participant and family line.In the mixed-effects model withlocationasafixedeffect，itwasfound thattheenvironmentaleffects weresignificantamonglocations，and growth traits reached significant differences （ ，（Z ratio） gt; 1 ， 5 ）among locations and among family lines withinthesame test site；familylineNo.17inthe Daqing test site hadthehighest preservationrateand breeding value，and had beter salttolerance；theGGE biplot basedonthe BLUP method showed thatthe introduced birch fastgrowing propertyofNo.3family line was the best，and the stabilityof No.9familyline wasthe strongest.Based on the comprehensive ranking ofthe stabilityandrapidityofeach familyline，four excelent familylines，No.2O，9，7and 24， were selected according to the 30 % selection rate and combined with the genetic gain of the volume of each family line. Keywords： Introduced;birch；breeding value;GGE biplot；genetic gain; good family selection

0 引言

我国在林木引种方面历史悠久且成效显著，引进了包括美洲黑杨、火炬松、湿地松、雪松和桉树等在内的18科23属120余种的用材树种[1]。桉树的引种已有超过百年的历史，现已培育出十几个优良品种，广泛分布于广东、海南、广西、四川和福建等省（区），人工林面积超过150万 ，确立了我国作为全球第二大桉树栽培国的地位[2-3]。垂枝桦（Betula pendula）又被称为欧洲白桦，原产于欧洲和亚洲北部，主要分布于东欧及北欧，我国从20世纪七八十年代开始垂枝桦引种试验，目前已在东北三省、华北平原等多地推广应用，成为我国东北地区植树造林以及城市园林绿化工程建设的重要树种[4-6]。西伯利亚红松（Pinus sibirica）主要分布在俄罗斯境内，是材果兼优的大乔木，其适应性强，具有耐严寒、耐干旱瘠薄和耐水湿等优点，我国对西伯利亚红松的引种开始于1990年，主要在大小兴安岭、长白山等地开展试验研究，获得较好效果[7-10]。

我国盐碱地主要分布在东北松嫩平原、黄淮海平原、东部滨海地区以及西部的新疆西藏部分地区等地，总面积达99.13万hm²，约占国土总面积的10%[11-13]东北西部地区气候寒冷，生态系统脆弱，土壤中多含有碳酸氢盐，对植物有特殊的毒害作用，能在苏打盐碱地上生长的乡土树种较少[14-15]。通过引种耐盐碱树种，改善土壤结构，防止水土流失，为改善区域环境和推动可持续发展提供了新思路。桦木属（Betula）桦木亚组植物适应性强，广泛分布在我国的东北地区、华北平原、黄王高原山区和西南山区等地，但国内耐盐桦树仅有分布在新疆的盐桦（B.halophila），属于极小野生种群[16-18]，且已经面临濒危。……