中图分类号： Q 9 4 5 . 3 1 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.008

Abstract：Rare and endangered plants have formed a stable association with their associated tree species in the longterm evolution process，butwhetherthis association isrelated toalelopathy producedbylitters is stillunknown.Taking the uniquerareand endangeredplantDavidiainvolucrata Baill.anditsasociated species Cornus controversa Hemsl.in Chinaasresearchobjects，thealelopathic effctsofwaterextracts fromdifferenttypes ofliter（branch liter，leaf litter， and their mixture liter）at natural concentrations on each other'sseedlings were studied.The results revealed that， 1） the water extract from the branch litter of C .controversa significantly promoted the basal diameter and root length growth of D . involucrata seedlings，and increased the contents of chlorophyll a and b ，total chlorophyll，leaf mass frac WANGYJ，AHUetalopthicofterextractfrotlitofiaiourataditssoatedcontroversaon the growth of each other's seedlings[J]. Forest Engineering，2025，41（3）：517-525.

tionofN，andP，whiletheextractsfromleafliterandbranch-leafmixtureliterdidnotshowsignificantpromotionaleffects.2）The water extract from the branch litter of D .involucrata significantly promoted the basal diameter growth of C controversa seedlings and increased the contents of chlorophyll a and b ，and total chlorophyll，whereas the extracts from leaf litter and branch-leaf mixture liter significantly reduced the contents of chlorophyll a and b ，total chlorophyll，leaf massfraction ofN.3） Theallelopathic effect index indicated that different litter types from C .controversa had allelopathic promotional effects on D .involucrata seedlings，the intensity from large to small was branch，branch-leaf mixture，and leaf；the allelopathic effects of different litter types from D .involucrata on C .controversa seedling were varied，showing promotion bybranch liter，and inhibitionbyleafliterand branch-leaf mixture liter，withthe mixture litterexhibiting strongerinhibitoryefects.Thesefindings suggestthatthewater extractsfromdiferenttypesoflitterfrom D. involucrata and C . controversa have distinct allelopathic effects on each other's seedling growth，and the extracts from the two types of branch litter exhibit the greatest allelopathic promotional efects on seedlings.

Keywords：Davidia involucrata；Cornus controversa；allelopathy；litter;seedling growth

0 引言

植物群落中的优势物种与伴生物种共同生长时，关系常表现为竞争和协同，二者之间不仅存在对光、养分和水分等资源的竞争，而且还通过凋落物淋溶、根系分泌等途径释放次生代谢物对彼此种子的萌发与幼苗的生长产生积极或消极的影响[1-2]。这种通过向环境中释放化学物质去促进或抑制自身或其他植物生长发育的现象被称为化感作用[3]。植物的各个器官均能产生不同数量与种类的化感物质，从而对周边植物产生多种化感效应[4]，如灯盏花（Erigeronbreviscapu）不同部位的水提液对小麦（Triticumaestivum）幼苗生长的化感作用表现为叶和茎一样，又均大于根，对萝卜（Rapha-nussativus）幼苗影响由大到小排序为根、茎、叶[5」；桉树（Eucalyptusrobusta）凋落叶的化感作用能够促进山杜英（Schima superba）幼苗生长，但桉树根的作用却为抑制[6];不同质量浓度的盐蒿（Artemisiahalodendron）的凋落叶水提液对兴安胡枝子（Lespedezadavurica）种子的萌发表现出“低促高抑\"作用，而其凋落茎的水提液则对兴安胡枝子种子萌发无显著影响[7。大量研究表明，植物的化感作用虽常表现为抑制其他植物生长或者强烈的自毒作用，但是适当质量浓度的化感物质也会对周边植物的生长起到促进作用[8]。如青海云杉（Piceacrassifolia）不同部位水提液在 2～1 5 m g / m L 质量浓度下能够促进油松（Pinustabuliformis）幼苗的株高生长与鲜质量积累[9];落叶松（Larix gmelinii）根水提液在 1 2 . 5～2 5 . 0 g / k g 质量分数下与树皮水提液在 质量分数下对胡桃楸（Juglansmandshurica）幼苗苗高有显著的促进作用[1o]。众多研究表明，化感效应的实质是化感物质影响了植物的光合作用、营养元素吸收等生理过程，进而影响受体植物的生长发育。……