中图分类号：S718.54 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.006

Abstract：TheLarix gmelini forests isoneof the mostimportantforest types inNortheast China，playingacrucial role inmaintainingthestabilityoftheforest ecosystemintheregion.The woodyplants inthepermanent plotofLarixgmelini forestsinNortheast China were takenas theresearchobject.Through field plotinvestigation，diversityindexandspatial structurecharacteristicscalculation，combined withvariancepartitioning analysis and redundancyanalysis，this study exploredthecharacteristicsand influencing factors oftre species diversityinLarix gmelinii forests.Theresults showed that the average tree species richness of Larix gmelini forests was 10.75 in Northeast China，Simpson index was 0.72， Shannon-Wiener index was1.69，and Pielou evennessindex was O.76.Theaverage mingling intensitywas0.57，indicatingthat theforest stands were moderately mixed.Theuniformangleindex wasO.54，andtheforeststands were clustered.Thebreast diameter dominance was O.51，indicating thatthe forest growth was in amoderate state.The spatial structure characteristics of forest stands and geoclimatic conditions jointly explained 3 5 . 9 % of the changes in tree species diversity，followed by spatial structure characteristics，with an explanatory rate of 2 9 . 2 % .Simple term effects showed tat spatial structureand geoclimatic indicators such as mingling intensity，latitude，annual mean temperature， andannual mean precipitation were themain influencing factors of tree species diversitychanges．Theresearch results willprovidetheoreticalbasisanddatasupportfortheformulationof management strategies for Larix gmelini forests in Northeast China.

KeyWords：Northeast forestbelt；Larix gmelinii；tree species diversity；forest spatial structure;coupling relationship

0 引言

东北地区森林是我国最大的天然林区，在水源涵养、保持水土和减缓全球气候变化等方面发挥着重要功能[1]。兴安落叶松是我国东北森林带主要建群树种之一，对维持东北地区森林生态系统的可持续发展作用重大[2]。传统的植物多样性指标虽然可以反映林分结构的平均状况，但并未揭示林分内部空间异质性变化，林分空间结构也是林分-多样性的一个重要组成部分，在森林的经营和管理过程中，显得尤为关键[]。分析东北地区针阔叶混交林的树种多样性和空间结构特征，探究落叶松林植物多样性的影响因素，对东北地区植物多样性维持机制、群落动态变化以及生态系统功能调控等方面具有重要意义。植物多样性对于提高生态系统生产力的稳定性、增强林分的碳汇功能和养分循环至关重要[4-5]。植物多样性是目前生态学研究的热点问题之一。多项研究表明影响植物多样性的因素既包括土壤立地条件、地理气候等非生物因素，也包括林分空间结构特征等生物因素[6]，然而，目前关于东北地区落叶松林研究主要集中在土壤碳截获[7-8]、林火干扰[9]、空间分布及其对气候的响应[10-1]等方面，系统研究东北地区落叶松林植物多样性和林分空间结构特征的较少。

本研究基于东北地区落叶松林长期固定样地，综合树种多样性相关的各种空间结构特征指标体系，在明确树种多样性与林分空间结构特征分布规律的基础上，探究林分空间结构、立地条件、地理气候因素和植物多样性间的耦合关系，为东北地区落叶松林植物多样性的经营策略制定提供理论依据和数据支撑。……