中图分类号： ； 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.005

Abstract：This studyaimstoclarifythespatial distribution characteristicsof ridge plant belts onsoil water-holding capacityand soil structure in sloping farmland，providingascientific basis for optimizing ridge plant beltconfigurations and soil and water conservation measures in NortheastChina's black soilregion.Sloping farmland with ridge plantbelts was selected as the research object （Ridge 1： ridge spacing of 1 2 . 5 m ； Ridge 2： ridge spacing of 19.5 m），and sloping farmland was selected as thecontrol.The uniform spatial point sampling method was obtained using basic physical property indicatorsinthesurfacelayer（O-15cm）andtoquantifythediferences inthespatialdistributioncharacteristicsof soil water-holding capacityandsoil structurein slopingfarmlandwith diferent spacing of ridgeplantbelts.The result showedthat，the sloping farmland with ridgeconstructionshowedasignificant increaseintotalporosity，capilaryporosity，saturated water-holding capacity，fieldcapacity，andcapillry water-holding capacity，witharelativelyuniformdistributionacrossthe slope.Inaddition，compared to theRidge 2，thesoil of Ridge1 showed an increaseof0.96-1.11 times in total porosity，1.21-1.31 times incapilary porosity，1.03-1.25 times in saturated water-holdingcapacity， 1.22-1.78 times in fieldcapacity，and1.33-1.52 times incapilary water-holding capacity，respectively.The soil mechanical stable aggregate mass fraction，MWD（mean weight diameter），water-stable aggregate mass fraction，and GMD （geometric mean diameter）in the sloping farmland with ridge showed significant improvements acrossallfields.Comparedto thecontrols，thesloping farmland with ridgeincreasedby1.01-1.15times，0.94-1.61times，1-1.17times， and1.05-1.55times，respectively.This indicatedthat thesloping farmland withridge effectively improved soil structure comparedtothecontrol.Moreover，comparedtothesloping farmlandwith Ridge2，thesoilmechanical stableagregate massfraction，MWD，water-stable aggregate massfraction，and GMD inthe sloping farmland with Ridge 1 increased by1.08-1.14 times，0.95-1.28 times，1.07-1.15 times，and1.14-1.40 times，respectively.Constructing ridges can improve water-holding capacityand soil structure characteristics，with a more significant improvement ffect observed in relatively small distances smaller distances between ridges.

Keywords：Blacksoilregion;ridgeplantbelt；spatialvariation;soil water-holdingcapacity；soilstructurecharacteristics

0 引言

位于松辽流域的东北黑土区主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁和内蒙古（呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟、通辽市和赤峰市）四省（自治区），总面积达109万 。作为我国重要的商品粮生产基地，东北黑土区玉米、大豆和粮食产量分别占全国总产量的 3 0 % . 5 6 % 和 2 5 % ，其商品粮供给量占全国的三分之一，是国家粮食安全的“压舱石\"]。然而，长期以来土地资源的过度开发利用、对水土保持工作的不够重视以及不合理的农业生产方式，加之东北黑土区地形多为漫岗漫渠地貌[2-3]，春季多风及雨季集中在夏季，春季及冬季冻融等自然因素的影响，导致了该地区的严重土壤退化和土壤侵蚀问题[4-6]。坡耕地成为水土流失的主要发生地，在黑土区水土流失面积中占比达到 4 6 . 3 9 % ，典型黑土区的8 0 . 3 % ，水土流失至少导致粮食产量减少 。如果不加以重视和改善土地质量，农业可持续发展将受到严重威胁。坡耕地是我国重要的耕地资源。长期以来，对坡耕地整治的研究得到了水保界的广泛重视[8-10]

地埂植物带作为一种有效的水土保持措施，具有造价低廉、保持水土效益高等优点[1]。陈光等[12]在东北黑土区的研究中发现，地埂植物带措施有效降低了侵蚀量，平均为 ，平均保土减沙效益为9 5 . 2 % 。吕刚等[13]在对坡耕地地埂植物带研究中表明，地埂植物带的保水保土效益仅次于梯田，且土壤水源涵养高于其他措施。冯洋等[14的研究证实，水平梯田、水保林和地埂植物带等水土保持措施均能显著提高土壤中氮、磷含量，有效控制土壤养分流失。……