中图分类号：S757.2 文献标识码：A DOI：10.7525/j.issn.1006-8023.2025.03.004

Abstract：Fraxinus mandshurica is oneof the precious broadleaf treespecies inNortheast China.Ithas high economic and ecological value. There's a shortage of F .mandshurica resources and a structural deficiency in resilient cultivars. It'sparticularly important to select and breed F .mandshurica with excellent cold resistance in the context of global climate change.The F .mandshurica in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province were selected as the reseach objects.Dendrochronology and wood anatomy were used to compare the radial growth of 5 2 F .mandshurica families（FamiCHENMJ，ENGFHAetalspoeofalgowthdatoicalaacteristicfaisadiltolowtemperature eventin Xiaoxing'anMountains[J].Forest Engineering，2025，41（3）：471-485.

lies 1-77 in total）.The relationship between the radial growth and xylem anatomical characteristics of F .mandshurica and main climatic factors was clarified. The response of F . mandshurica families to low temperature event was studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in average annual radial growth of F .mandshurica families in Xiaoxing'an Mountains.The radial growth of No.56，46 and 38 F .mandshurica families were higher，the values were 4.07 mm，3.82 mm and 3.71 mm，respectively. The radial growth of F .mandshurica was constrained by temperature and precipitation duringthe growing season.Theradial growth was significantlynegatively correlated with thetemperature inOctoberof the previous year，positivelycorrlated withthe temperaturefromJanuarytoApril，and negativelycorrelated with the precipitationfrom March toApril.Temperature was the primaryclimatic factor affcting xylem anatomical features of F .mandshurica families in Xiaoxing'an Mountains.Under low temperature stress，the ring width（RW）， mean vessel area （MVA），total vesselarea（TVA）and theoretical hydraulic conductivity（Kh）decreased by 25.5%， 38.2%， 2 1 . 8 % and 5 5 . 1 % ，compared with non-low temperature years，while vessel density（VD） increased by 6 4 . 1 % . There was difference in radial growth among F .mandshurica families under low temperature stress. No. 39，70 and 36 families had strongerresistance tocold，thevaluesofresistance were greater than1.TherecoveryofNo.57，17 and 70 families were better，the values of recovery were higher than 1.63.The No. 7 0 F .mandshurica familyin Xiaoxing'an Mountains had excellent growth and stronger cold resistance，which could be used as an excellent F .mandshurica family for directional cultivation.

Keywords： Fraxinus mandshurica; radial growth； wood anatomy; low temperature; ecological resilience

0 引言

水曲柳（Fraxinusmandshurica）是东北三大硬阔之一，主要分布于我国东北地区、山西、内蒙古、山东和甘肃的局部地区，在印度、缅甸、泰国、老挝、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾均有分布。水曲柳树干通直、纹理美观，具有很高的经济价值和生态价值[1-2]，我国东北地区主要用材树种之一[3]。因人为采伐和气候变化等因素，天然水曲柳的数量在逐年减少。东北是我国最易出现低温的地区之一[4]，低温事件对当地的树木生长造成了严重的危害[5]。针对我国水曲柳资源匮乏、抗逆良种结构性缺乏的现状，了解低温事件对水曲柳生长的影响，对气候变化背景下东北地区水曲柳选育具有十分重要的意义。

20世纪初美国天文学家DouglassAE创立了树木年代学，是气候变化及森林生态研究中的重要工具。树木年轮数据因其连续性强、分辨率高、样本分布广泛和环境变化指示意义明确等优点被广泛应用[6]。气候变化能够通过影响植物体内的各种生理进程，直接或间接地影响形成层活动，使树体的结构和功能发生改变，以适应当前环境[7]。木质部解剖特征已被证实能准确记录更强的环境信息，木材解剖学是树木生态和气候变化研究中一种重要的方法和工具[8]。结合树木年代学和木材解剖学方法选育优良水曲柳家系，具有快捷、准确的优势，为应对气候变化良种选育提供一种全新的思路。

本研究利用树木年代学和木材解剖学方法，对比研究小兴安岭地区不同水曲柳家系径向生长差异，明确水曲柳径向生长和木质部解剖特征与主要气候因子之间关系，探究不同水曲柳家系径向生长对低温事件的响应，为该地区选育生长良好、耐寒优良的水曲柳家系提供科学依据。……