羊肚菌种植对土壤营养和微生物多样性的影响
2025-05-21高丽君王增强杨向颖刘东张亚建
The Effect of Planting Morchella esculenta on Soil Nutrition and Microbial Diversity GAO Li-jun,WANG Zeng-qiang,YANG Xiang-ying et al(TongchuanAgricultural Science Research Institute,Tongchuan,Shaannxi 727000)
AbstractUsingtheIlminaNovaSeqoplafoampliconsequencgasconductedtonalyzthcoelationbetweemrobalo munitydiversityandsoilnutrintcompositionusingbothmushroomproducingandnonmushroomproducingsoilswiinthesaefacilts theresearchobject.Teaimwastoexploretheimpactofmushoomproducingornotonsoilbacteriaandfungi.Theresultsshowedthathee mergence of Morchella esculenta increased soil $\mathrm{\pH}$ , decreased soil nutrients and heavy metal content. Normal growth of Morchella esculenta increasedthesoflceiisigalitddieyallpac nesofsoilcrobalsecisAthlvel,oanticobaloitsofetleosistet,itothea longing to the phylum Proteobacteria,with relative abundances of 38.71% (MF)and 41.39% (MUF); fungi belong to the Ascomycota phylum,with relative abundance of 40.04% (MF)and 51.50% (MUF). The relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum level is positivelycorelaedithsoilutrentontent,withghstorelationbetwenvilableosouontntandelatieabudaceof dominant bacterial communities,and the highest correlation between $\mathrm{\pH}$ and the relative abundance of dominant fungal communities.
Key wordsPlanting Morchellaesculenta;Mushroomemergence;Not producingmushrooms;Soil nutrition;Microbialdiversity
羊肚菌是羊肚菌属(Morchella)真菌的统称,因其菌盖表面布满棱脊型横纹,酷似羊肚而得名[]。羊肚菌营养价值高,主要活性成分为氨基酸[2]、多糖[3]、多酚[4]、三萜类物质[5]等。此外,羊肚菌的药用价值极高,《本草纲目》中记载:羊肚菌性平,味甘,益肠胃,补肾纳气。现代科学研究表明,羊肚菌具有抗氧化[,保护胃黏膜[7],降血脂[8]等功效。
羊肚菌受广大群众喜爱,我国羊肚菌栽培技术日趋成熟,也在全国范围形成了羊肚菌栽培大潮,其栽培类型以设施栽培为主[9]。羊肚菌不同于其他大宗食用菌袋栽或覆土即可出菇,必须播种于土壤中,人工精细化管理后才可出菇[10]。土壤微生物是维持土壤健康的关键,对土壤的环境功能和生态功能具有重要意义[1]。此外,土壤微生物群落的结构和功能变化与土壤生态系统息息相关[12]。羊肚菌人工栽培中不出菇、出菇少、重茬现象广泛存在,但目前有关人工栽培羊肚菌土壤与土壤微生物群落相关性的研究相对较少,尤其是出菇与未出菇土壤微生物群落差异研究更少。笔者通过土壤理化性质测定和高通量测序技术对栽培羊肚菌土壤的微生物群落进行多样性分析,以期为提高人工栽培羊肚菌出菇率提供基础科学依据。
1材料与方法
1.1土壤样本采集供试羊肚菌为六妹羊肚菌,试验地点位于陕西省铜川市耀州区石柱镇上安村村集体设施大棚(
,海拔 986m ),羊肚菌种植采用起垄方式,垄宽 1.2m ,垄长 45.0m 。该种植棚3年连续种植羊肚菌,棚内仅有1/3的区域出菇,且出菇密度明显小于其他羊肚菌种植棚。……
