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盘州烟区上部烟叶不同采收时期对烟叶质量的影响

2025-05-21吴伟赵培富赵东尚关兴杨华董均兴顾勇汪成勇张铮叶向阳李建辉周开油

安徽农业科学 2025年7期
关键词:质量

The Influence of Different Harvesting Periods on the Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

Wei,ZHAO Pei-fu,ZHAO Dong et al(Panzhou Branch of Liupanshui Tobaco Company,Panzhou,Guizhou)

AbstractBy setting up five treatments, ( conventional harvesting), (delayed harvesting for 3 days), (delayed harvesting for 5 days), (delayed harvesting for 7 days),and (delayed harvesting for 9 days), field comparative experiments were conducted simultaneouslyatthrtbacatiosanotoudyetsoffntrvesiperodseaitdooicractesifte upperfourtobaccoleavesaftercuring.Theresultsshowedthatdelayingharvestcouldimprovetheapparancequalityofthetopfourtobacc leaves,ncraseedeualityndonomicracteristcsfuredtbaccolavs,ceasethotalsugarcotentucic tinecontent,ndiproeesyevautioualityofteobcolaesHweerftelaingforas,epeaanalityd economiccaracteristsofteudtbacoavesgaduallcreadwitetesioofrvesrdndicalop ordinationandsensoryevaluationqualitydecreased.Tebestcomprehensivepfomancewaschievedbydelayingfor5days.Comparedwith conventionalharvesting,delayingharvestingfor5daysresultedinasignificantiprovementinappearancequality(anincreaseof 10.26% in appearancequalityscore),ndasignificantructionintheproportioofgreentobacoleavesndvariegatedtobacoleavesafteruring (a decrease of 54.24% and 34.46% ,respectively);increase the average price of tobacco by 1.04yuan/kg (an increase of 3.61% );increase the proportion of high-quality cigarettes by 8.76 percentage points(an increase of 19.62% );increase the incomeper mu by 63.29 yuan(an increase of 8. 33% );the total sugar content increased by 1.81% (an increase of 7.39% );the nicotine content decreased by 0.41% (a decrease of 9.67% ).Delaying harvestingfor 3days resulted inthe highestsensory evaluationscore.Taking into account economic characteristics,appearanceualityftbaccolavs,calompositiougrakalitindsoyaluatioqualitythtiablea ting peridforthe upper four tobacoleaves inPanzhoushouldbedelayedby3-5daysonthebasisofnormal mature harvesting.

Key wordsUpper tobacco leaves; Harvest period;Appearance quality ;Grade quality ;Maturity

成熟度是烟叶质量的核心因素,对烟叶质量有着重要影响。上部烟叶占整株烟叶的1/3,其产量占总产量的 30% \~ 。目前,我国上部烟叶的质量和可用性,由于受传统质量和农业栽培技术措施及生态的影响,导致上部烟叶窄而偏厚,组织结构紧密[2],叶片僵硬,填充性差,内在化学成分欠协调,烟碱含量过高,还原糖及糖碱比偏低,烟叶香气质差,香气量不足,不但影响了上部烟的质量,而且影响上部烟叶的可用性。上部烟工业可用性低的缺陷已成为亟待解决的问题,因此提高上部烟可用性已经成为缓解烟叶等级结构矛盾及降低工业库存的必由之路[3]。上部烟可用性低的一个重要因素是采收成熟度不够,导致烤后烟叶化学成分不协调。成熟度对烟叶的品质有着相当重要的影响,国外烟草专家认为成熟度占到烟叶品质贡献的 。适宜的成熟度是优质烟叶质量的前提条件,特别是上部叶的成熟度对工业可用性的影响较大。上部叶欠熟时,叶片较厚,细胞结构紧密,淀粉等大分子物质含量较多,上部叶僵硬和烘烤特征差[5]。因此,确定适当的上部烟叶成熟采收时期对烟叶质量和工业可用性至关重要。盘州市因地理及气候条件较好,产出烟叶的烟叶较受卷烟工业的青睐,但其上部烟叶也因受栽培习惯的影响,叶片组织结构紧密,叶片僵硬,填充性差,导致上等烟比例、均价不高,烟农收益受到影响。盘州烟草分公司在平衡施肥、合理打顶留叶等方面进行技术改进,优质上部烟叶的生产取得了一定成效,但仍有提升空间。……

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