Morphology and Yield of Crops in Diferent Rows Under Soybean and Maize Strip Compound Planting Systems WEI Xin-rul，YANG Wu-jie2，HEHao-chenetal（1.Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an，Shandong 271018；2.Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Jinan，Shandong ）

AbstractToquantifythechangesinplantmorphologyandyieldofsoybeanandmaieindferentfieldconfigurationsandprovideabsisfor selectingconfigurations，thisexperimentsetufiveintercroppingtreatments，namely24S2M，4S3M，62M，and63（esr presentows，Srepresentssoybeans，ndMrepresentsmaize）Using monoculturesoybeans（SS）andmonoculturemaize（S）ascotrols， theplantmorpholgy，ieldofachoofrops，landquivalentatioandcoomicbnefitsunderintercoppingtreatentsalyed. Resultsshowedthaterewerediferencsinsoybanyieldamongdiferentowsofsobeanmaiecompositeplantingodeswithdifreton figurations. Compared with monoculture， the configuration of 6 rows of soybeans resulted in a 53.20% decreased in yield for soybean row1 （the outermost row），a 42.73% decrease in yield for soybean row 2（the second row），and a 29.87% decreased in yield for soybean middle row.In the configuration of four rows of soybeans，the side row of soybeans decreased by 56. 18% compared to monoculture，and the middle row of soybeans decreased by 53.20% compared to monoculture.Soybeans yields of the configuration of 6 rows were 1.2O times higher than theconfiurationof4rowsofsoybeans.Thereweredifrencsinmaizeyieldamongdiferentrowsofsoybeanandmaizecompoundplanting modeswithdiferentcofiguratios.Theconfiguratioofowsofmaiehadmargialectsonachowofmaize，sotereasnsiint difrenceinmaeyieldetwnthofiguratioofowofaizeandmonocultur（exceptforS），hileteconfiguatioofowsf maizehadsignificantlylowermaizeyieldperowthanmonoculture.Although62Mwasbeneficialforsoybeangrowthandhadthehighstsoy beanyield，tesallspacingbtweenmaizeplantsasotconducivetomaizeyield；teofigurationofitercroping toosofsoas withtworowsofmaizehadasideroweectandtheighestyield，utthumberofsoybeanrowsassallesuinginsignifcantlylower soybeanyieldtnothofiguratiosFromteperspetieoflandqualentatiodoniceneits，hofiguratioofnteoing 4rowsofsoybeansand2rowsofmaizehadnosignificantdiferencecomparedtomonocure，andthesobeanyieldwashiger，akigita recommended configuration.

KeywordsSoybean；Maize；Intercropping；Plant morphology；Yield

我国主粮作物基本自给自足，但大豆作为主要的油料作物，2020年大豆自给率不足 20% ，高度依赖进口[1-3]，为了保证我国大豆安全，发展国内大豆产业，提高大豆种植面积，提升大豆产能，成为近年来备受关注的问题[4-5]。在尽量不影响玉米产量的情况下，大豆玉米带状复合种植是解决以上问题的有效途径。农业农村部“十四五”规划中提出，到2025年，推广大豆玉米复合种植面积约333.33万 。2022年中央一号文件中明确在西北、西南、黄淮海地区推广大豆玉米

带状复合种植技术。

作物的生长环境会影响其形态及产量[。间作下，大豆受玉米的遮阴影响，受光环境变差，植株重心升高，茎秆木质化、纤维化程度减小，茎秆韧性和抗折性减弱，使植株更易发生倒伏[7]。增加大豆行数，其株高、茎粗、分枝数和节数等会逐渐趋于单作水平[8]。然而，如玉米行距过小或株距过小，会导致玉米茎粗、干物重、穗粒数减少，进而影响其产量[9-12]。如何协调2种作物的行株距，选择恰当的配置是亟待解决的问题。

大豆玉米带状复合种植系统内，不同行作物的植株形态及产量存在差异。由于丧失边际效应，中间行玉米通风透光不及边行玉米，可能会导致中间行玉米单株产量不及边行玉米；中间行大豆受到的玉米遮阴影响较小，可能会使中间行大豆产量高于边行大豆。然而，目前缺乏对3行、4行玉米间作多行大豆配置中作物形态及产量的研究。笔者旨在评估大豆玉米带状复合种植不同田间配置对系统内各行作物形态和产量的影响，为大豆玉米带状复合种植技术的合理田间配置提供理论依据。……