智能时代网络服务提供者更高的注意义务研究
2024-06-21郑森
摘 要:【目的】在智能时代背景下,通过对更高的注意义务在司法实践中的适用困境进行分析,尝试提供合理的适用认定思路和建议。【方法】通过案例分析、比较法研究、文献研究等方法,梳理当下更高的注意义务适用不足之处。【结果】更高的注意义务存在适用规范不明、与审查义务混同、侵权认定偏失等不足之处。【结论】司法实践中对于更高注意义务的法律认定保证了法律审判的正常逻辑以及司法的公正合理。
关键词:更高的注意义务;网络服务提供者;经济利益;避风港规则
中图分类号:D923.41 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003-5168(2024)08-0123-04
DOI:10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2024.08.024
Research on the Higher Duty of Care of Network Service Providers in the Intelligent Era
ZHENG Sen
(School of Law, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China)
Abstract: [Purposes] In the context of the intelligent age, through analyzing the dilemma of the application of higher duty of care in judicial practice, this paper tries to provide reasonable thinking and suggestions for the application identification. [Methods] Through case analysis, comparative research, literature research and other methods, this paper sorted out the shortcomings of the current higher duty of care. [Findings] Higher duty of care has some shortcomings, such as unclear applicable norms, confusion with review obligations, and deviation of infringement determination. [Conclusions] In judicial practice, the legal recognition of the higher duty of care guarantees the normal logic of legal trial and the justice and reasonableness of justice.
Keywords: higher duty of care; Internet service providers; economic benefits; safe haven rules
0 引言
2023年9月,最高人民检察院发布第48批指导性案例,其中梁永平、王正航等15人侵犯著作权案(又称“人人影视字幕组”案)指导意见对避风港规则抗辩主观认定的阐释引发关注。指导意见提出,对待避风港规则抗辩中“审查网络服务提供者是否明知侵权,如果能够证明网络服务提供者主观上明知作品侵权仍放任网络用户上传,或者未采取必要措施的,应认定具有主观故意”的情况不能适用避风港规则进行抗辩。在认定网络服务提供者帮助侵权责任承担上,以“通知—删除”规则和“红旗”规则为核心的避风港规则被我国吸收借鉴。“红旗”规则意指侵权内容十分明显,像红旗一样飘扬,那么网络服务提供者就不能以主观“不知”为由进行抗辩。在人人影视字幕案中,刑事审判的谦抑性仍贯穿于对主观“明知”的审查中。在民事领域,避风港规则已经不能满足当下需求,网络服务提供者的责任在不断强化。……
