摘 要：【目的】解决高速公路平面坐标系的建立问题，提高平面坐标系的测设精度，有效确保工程建设质量。【方法】根据高斯正形投影误差计算公式和误差限差理论，分析高斯正形投影误差的组成及各部分的大小，利用平移量计算高速公路平面坐标系的中央子午线和投影高，将标准坐标系下控制点坐标转化为新坐标系下坐标。【结果】对新坐标进行精度验算，两点间通过坐标反算获得的平距与实测平距的差值处于允许范围之内，建立了满足高速公路工程精度需要的新坐标系。【结论】实践表明：高速公路平面坐标系可根据计算所得的中央子午线和投影高来建立具有抵偿高程面的任意带高斯正形投影平面直角坐标系，且新建平面坐标系下各控制点的变形量都能满足规范精度与设计要求。

关键词：平面控制测量；任意带；高斯投影；高程投影面

中图分类号：P217      文献标志码：A     文章编号：1003-5168（2024）08-0066-05

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2024.08.013

Exploration Problems of Establishing the Plane Coordinate System for

Highways

HU Yi

（Sichuan Transportation Survey and Design Research Institute Co.， Ltd.， Chengdu 610017， China）

Abstract： [Purposes] This paper aims to solve the problem of establishing a plane coordinate system for highways， improve the measurement accuracy of the plane coordinate system， and effectively ensure the quality of engineering construction. [Methods] Based on the calculation formula and error tolerance theory of Gaussian conformal projection error， the author analyzed the composition of Gaussian conformal projection error and the size of each part. Using the translation amount， the central meridian and projection height of the highway plane coordinate system were calculated， and the control point coordinates under the standard coordinate system were transformed into coordinates under the new coordinate system. [Findings] The accuracy of the new coordinates was checked， and the difference between the horizontal distance obtained through coordinate inverse calculation and the measured horizontal distance between the two points was within the allowable range. A new coordinate system was established to meet the accuracy requirements of highway engineering. [Conclusions] Practice has shown that the plane coordinate system of highways can be established into any Gaussian orthomorphic projection plane rectangular coordinate system with compensated elevation plane based on the calculated central meridian and projection height， and the deformation of each control point under the new plane coordinate system can meet the specification accuracy and design requirements.

Keywords： plane control survey; arbitrary band; gaussian projection; elevation projection surfaces

0 引言

随着我国高速公路建设由平原丘陵地区向山区不断延伸，工程建设技术要求不断提高，新兴勘察技术不断地被应用，国家统一的3°带高斯正形投影平面直角坐标系［1］难以满足现阶段高速公路建设的需要，特别是特大桥、特长隧道的投影变形量应远远小于基本变形量25 mm/km［2］，因此，在高速公路初步设计阶段，结合线路走向、线路设计高度、沿线重要构筑物尺寸等，建立合理有效的线路平面坐标系，以控制投影变形对工程建设的影响，从而保证工程各阶段的顺利实施。……