李强 徐旭 阮凡

摘 要：【目的】充分了解矿区滑坡形成机理，科学分析评估滑坡稳定性，提高滑坡治理效果，确保矿区周边施工及运营安全。【方法】依托于贵州省1∶10 000地质灾害+风险斜坡精细化调查示范项目，以贵州省某镇矿区滑坡治理为实践，针对滑坡产生机理、滑坡稳定性及工程对策展开综合探究。通过观察滑坡裂缝、地表变形及周围岩石特征，分析滑坡体的基本特征和滑坡的成因机制。【结果】调查发现，在降雨影响下，滑坡软弱面部分产生泥化夹层，使抗剪强度急剧降低，同时开挖在坡体前缘卸载，多种因素导致滑动变形加剧，最终产生滑坡。【结论】通过滑坡稳定性计算，研究了滑坡体在不同工况下的稳定性，并针对不稳定区域提出了滑坡治理措施，可为同类型滑坡治理工程提供参考。

关键词：矿山滑坡；稳定性分析；滑坡防治措施

中图分类号：P642.22    文献标志码：A     文章编号：1003-5168（2024）08-0114-05

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2024.08.022

Stability Analysis and Treatment Measures of a Mine Landslide

LI Qiang1 XU Xu1 RUAN Fan2

（1.SPIC Guizhou Zunyi Industry Development Co.， Ltd.， Dazhuyuan Bauxite， Zunyi 563000， China; 2.114

Geological Brigade of Guizhou Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau， Zunyi 563000， China ）

Abstract： [Purposes] This paper aims to fully understand the formation mechanism of landslide in mining area， scientifically analyze and evaluate the stability of landslide， improve the effect of landslide treatment， and ensure the safety of construction and operation around the mining area. [Methods] Based on the 1∶10 000 geological disaster + risk slope fine survey demonstration project in Guizhou Province， the landslide control in a mining area of a town in Guizhou Province was taken as a practice. The mechanism of landslide， landslide stability and engineering countermeasures are comprehensively explored， and the characteristics of landslide cracks， surface deformation and surrounding rock are observed. The basic characteristics of the landslide and the formation mechanism of the landslide are analyzed. [Findings] The survey found that under the influence of rainfall， the weak surface of the landslide produced a muddy interlayer， which sharply reduced the shear strength. At the same time， the excavation was unloaded at the leading edge of the slope， and various factors led to the aggravation of sliding deformation， which eventually led to the landslide. [Conclusions] Through the calculation of landslide stability， the stability of landslide under different working conditions is studied， and the landslide prevention and control measures are put forward for the unstable area， which provides reference for the same type of landslide treatment project.

Keywords： mine landslide; stability analysis; landslide  control measures

0 引言

滑坡是影响我国矿山施工、运维，威胁附近居民、建筑安全的重大地质灾害之一。滑坡对财产、资源、环境等具有巨大的破坏力，严重影响矿山企业的正常运转［1-2］。在矿山施工、运维过程中，坡体的开挖会改变边坡岩土体的初始应力状态。随着土体的松动、雨水的渗入、重力的作用、地震活动，以及不均匀的荷载等诱发因素，坡体内部应力发生改变，极易引起滑坡失稳。尤其在雨季，雨水不断涌入，土体饱和度升高，抗剪能力会显著减弱［3-5］。此外，夏季高温多雨，也会造成地下水升高，甚至形成短期洪涝灾害［6］。……