摘要：1913年，民国初立，社会动荡不安。马士伟利用时势在山东长山县创教“一心堂”，发展迅速。1929年2月马士伟宣布“称帝”，6月被南京国民政府剿灭，但马士伟逃至天津，勾结敌伪成立了“一心天道龙华圣教会”，再次做起了“皇帝”。抗日战争胜利后该会被查封，马士伟被全国通缉。马皇帝事件反映出在当时混乱与愚昧的下层社会中，民主共和的观念还没有为民众所普遍接受。

关键词：民国报纸；马皇帝；教会；民主

中图分类号：K25文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2024）12-0142-04

The Emperor Ma Incident in the Press of the Republic of China

Kong Xiangming

（School of Social Development and Public Administration， Suzhou University of Science and Technology， Suzhou 215009）

Abstract： In 1913， the year after the Republic of China was established， the society was in turmoil. Ma Shiwei took advantage of the current situation to establish a church whose name is Yixintang in Changshan County， Shandong Province， which developed rapidly. In February1929， Ma Shiwei declared himself “Emperor”， but in June， he was exterminated by the National Government of Nanjing. However， he was not captured and fled to Tianjin to collude with the enemy and the puppet regime to establish the “Yixin Tiandao Longhua Holy Church” and became “emperor” again. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression， this church was shut down and Ma Shiwei was wanted all over the country. The Emperor Ma Incident reflected the fact that in the chaotic and ignorant lower-class society at that time， the democratic and republican concept was not yet widely accepted by the common people.

Keywords： newspaper of the Republic of China; the Emperor Ma; church; democracy

马士伟称帝事件在民国时期轰动一时，中外瞩目。马士伟自1913年在山东创教，此后一路发展，声势极大，教徒“南至云贵北至辽蒙”［1］。民国时期政府针对马士伟“称帝”进行了两次围剿，对于该教会更是直到解放后才被彻底消灭，该事件反映了当时的社会混乱和底层民众民主思想的淡薄。马士伟称帝事件时间长且影响广泛，但是关于该事件的来龙去脉，前人详细描述不多。以往的研究常把重点放在宗教本身，对于马士伟称帝事件的讨论也不算完整。本文以期通过对民国报纸的梳理和探究来详细说明马士伟称帝及其被剿的过程，以供学术界参考。

一、马士伟创立和发展一心堂

马士伟（又传“马士维”），字冠英，号秀一，1873年生，居住在距离长山县（今邹平市长山镇）十二里的丁王庄（一说“丁旺庄”）。马士伟早年积极投身科考，屡试不第，1905年清廷废除科举，马氏更觉无望便心生厌世情绪。在正途受阻后他开始走上邪道。他先是开设赌局，不仅没有成功反而因为斗殴被迫出逃，在外面躲避了三年，风头过后归来。……