摘要：自古中国就是一个农业大国，然而近代以来中国的农业地位日渐衰落，固守传统的耕作经验方式，缺乏科学知识、现代技术和机器的有力支撑，为其主要原因。著名农学家邹秉文主持创办中央农业实验所、棉花、畜产检验处、上海商品检验局以及上海商业银行、农业贷款部、上海商业储蓄银行等一系列现代涉农机构，致力于推动现代农业科学技术、农业金融发展，对改善中国农产品国际贸易不利地位，解决农业改进资金问题，推动区域乃至全国农业的改进和发展起了积极有效作用。

关键词：邹秉文；近代中国；涉农机构；农业改进

中图分类号：K258;S-09文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2024）12-0138-04

Zou Bingwen and the Establishment of Agriculture-related Institutions in Modern China

Liu Xiaoyun

（Archives， Shandong University， Jinan 250100）

Abstract： Since ancient times， China has been a big agricultural country. However， since modern times， Chinas agricultural status has been declining， mainly due to its adherence to traditional empirical farming methods and the lack of scientific knowledge， modern technology and machinery. Famous agronomist Zou Bingwen took the charge of founding a series of modern agricultural institutions such as the Central Research Institute of Agriculture， the Inspection Department of Cotton and Livestock， Shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau， the Department of Agriculture Loan of Shanghai Commercial Bank， and Shanghai Commercial Savings Bank. He was dedicated to the promotion of modern agricultural science and technology， the development of agricultural finance， and had played a positive and effective role in improving the unfavorable position of Chinas international trade in agricultural products， solving the problem of agricultural improvement funds， promoting the improvement and development of regional and national agriculture.

Keywords：Zou Bingwen; modern China; agriculture-related institutions; agricultural improvement

中国近代著名农学家邹秉文自美留学归国，长期在东南大学农科任教，推动中国农业的改进发展。1927年春，国民革命军向长江一带挺进，进占南京后，随着江苏省政府改组，国立东南大学改称“第四中山大学”。是年4月，邹秉文辞去东大农科主任职务，于当年11月，应冯玉祥邀请赴河南开封规划豫、陕、甘3省农业建设事宜，但由于人力、财力和物力极度匮乏，冯玉祥又忙于军事工作，结果中途而废。后又应广西省政府邀请，筹设广西农学院及广西农业局。但因广西发生政变而未果。在此之后，他的人生和事业的发展便与中国涉农机构的筹设紧密连在一起，对中国现代涉农机构的创立发展，促进现代农业改进起了十分重要的作用。

一、主持上海商品检验局促进农产品出口

1928年刚刚建立全国政权的南京国民政府，决定在上海筹建商品检验局。……