摘要：汉朝的律法档案是指两汉时期以律法为内容的档案材料，是两汉王朝立法、诉讼以及法律实践的反映。其突出的特点是以“繁法”“严刑”、重视君权为思想核心，以犯罪与刑罚为主体，辅之以行政或制度法规；主要形式包括律、令、科、比等，均形成于统治阶层。从其渊源看，汉朝的绝大部分律法档案是对秦朝法律档案的收集、编纂；可区分为王朝中央档案库和地方各级官府衙门两种保管方式；档案利用主要体现在司法令官吏的培养和普法教育宣传两个方面。汉朝的律法档案具有在继承中有新创制的特点，对现今档案事业发展仍具有可资借鉴的重要意义。

关键词：两汉；律法档案；释读

中图分类号：D929文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2024）12-0100-04

An Exploration of the Interpretation and Formation Process of Legal Archives of the Han Dynasty

Jiang Peng

（Guilin Confidentiality Technology Service Center， Guilin 541199）

Abstract： The legal archives of the Han Dynasty refer to the archives with the contents of laws and regulations in the Han Dynasty， which are the reflections of the legislation， litigation and legal practice at that time. Their prominent characteristics are taking “complicated law”， “strict punishment” and emphasis of the power of the emperor as the ideological core， crime and punishment as the main body， being supplemented by administrative or institutional regulations， taking law， imperial edict， separate regulation and exemplary cases of judgment as the main forms， which are all formed in the ruling class. In terms of their origins， most of the legal archives of the Han Dynasty are collections and compilations of the legal archives of the Qin Dynasty. Their preservation types can be divided into the central archives of the dynasty and the local government at all levels and their utilization is mainly reflected in the aspects of the cultivation of officials in charge of laws， legal education and propaganda. The legal archives of the Han Dynasty are characterized by new creations in inheritance， which is still of great significance for the development of archives nowadays.

Keywords： the Han Dynasty; legal archives; interpretation

中国古代法律文化在世界法律文化当中熠熠生辉，是世界法律文化遗产中的瑰宝。其独立蓬勃发展，特征鲜明，成为世界著名的“五大法系”“法系”一词为法学术语，指自成体系的法律文化。世界五大法系：即大陆法系、英美法系、伊斯兰法系、印度法系、中华法系。其中，中华法系和印度法系已经解体。之一。正如美国法学家博登海默所言：“法律是一个民族文化的重要组成部分。”［1］诚然，古代法律是主体作用于客体，形成了自身的利益和需要，并且将自身的利益和需要以法律规范的形式固定下来，以此来调节社会关系，实现其统治臣民的目的［2］8。秦、汉时期是我国古代司法文书的初步形成时期，也是我国古代档案法规的初步发展时期。……