论帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪中主观“明知”的限缩认定
2024-06-21夏晓
摘要:近年来,帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪已与危险驾驶罪、盗窃罪并进,一跃成为第三大犯罪类型,与行为人主观“明知”的认定标准不够明确直接相关,导致司法扩大化,其有成为“口袋罪”的发展趋势。结合实际案例及相关理论分析,提出应区分“普通人行为”和“专业技术支撑行为”两种情况对“明知”内涵进行限缩认定,对于保持刑法谦抑性和避免僵硬执法,提高司法公信力具有实质意义。
关键词:帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪;“明知”;限缩适用
中图分类号:D924.3文献标识码:A文章编号:2095-6916(2024)12-0096-04
On the Restrictive Determination of Subjective “Scienter”in the Cybercrime of Assisting Information Network Criminal Activities
Xia Xiao
(Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025)
Abstract: In recent years, the cybercrime of assisting information network criminal activities has become the third largest type of crime alongside the crime of dangerous driving and theft, which is directly related to the lack of clear criteria for the determination of the subjective “scienter” of the actor, resulting in the expansion of the judiciary and the trend of this crime to become a “pocket crime”. Combined with actual cases and relevant theoretical analysis, this article proposes to make a restrictive determination of the connotation of “scienter” by distinguishing between “acts of ordinary people” and “acts with professional and technical support”, which is of substantial significance in the restraining criminal law and avoiding rigid law enforcement, as well as improving the judicial credibility.
Keywords: the cybercrime of assisting information network criminal activities; “scienter”; restrictive rule application
随着互联网技术的飞速发展,网络犯罪形态日趋复杂多变,这不仅对我国的网络安全构成了严峻挑战,而且也对我国司法实践提出了新的要求。特别是在准确打击和有效遏制网络犯罪链中的各类犯罪行为方面,我国面临着前所未有的挑战。为了更好地应对这一挑战,2015年《刑法修正案(九)》中新增了帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪(以下简称“帮信罪”)[1]。从帮信罪生效至2019年,相关判例寥寥无几,近5年间仅有81件;但随着2019年最高人民法院及最高人民检察院颁布有关帮信罪的司法解释出台后,帮信罪的案例呈爆发式增长,数据显示,仅2021年就有17 299例,为前6年案件的6.93倍[2]。2022年,帮信罪起诉案件数更是与危险驾驶罪、盗窃罪并进,一跃成为第三大犯罪类型。通过对帮信罪相关判例数据统计,可以看出帮信罪有成为“口袋罪”口袋罪是我国刑法学界对于某些构成要件行为具有一定的开放性罪名的俗称。……
