APP下载

试析反切古今变读转换规律

2024-06-21孙青

西部学刊 2024年12期

摘要:反切是一种注音方法,它是用两个汉字注出另一个汉字的读音,也是中国古代对汉字字音结构的分析。反切规律古代反切转换到现代汉语普通话的读音上可从声母、韵母和声调三个方面发现规律。但反切存在用于注音的切语用字繁杂不一,是间接拼音、汉字古今音不同以及汉语方言方音不同导致反切失效等局限性。反切实际情况复杂,现有规律不能保证适用所有反切,不能作为万能法则。

关键词:反切;声母;韵母;声调

中图分类号:H11文献标识码:A文章编号:2095-6916(2024)12-0080-04

On the Transformation of Fanqie Rule from Ancient Chinese to Modern Chinese Pronunciation

Sun Qing

(Yuncheng Vocational Nursing College, Yuncheng 044000)

Abstract: Fanqie is a traditional method of indicating the pronunciation of a Chinese character by using two other Chinese characters as well as an analysis of the pronunciation structure of Chinese characters. The transformation rule of Fanqie in ancient Chinese to modern Mandarin can be found from aspects of initial consonant, simple or compound vowel and tone. However, there are some limitations of Fanqie such as the various and complex characters for indicating the pronunciation and the failure of Fanqie resulting from indirect combining of sounds, the different pronunciations between ancient and modern Chinese, and among different Chinese Dialects. The actual situation of Fanqie is very complex, the present rule cannot guarantee the application of all Fanqie, which is not a universal rule.

Keywords: Fanqie; initial consonant; simple or compound vowel; tone

目前,学术界对反切的基本原理和具体使用方法作出详细解释和说明的有殷焕先先生的《反切释要》、唐作藩先生的《音韵学教程》、周祖谟先生的《文字音韵训诂讲义》、王力先生的《汉语史稿》等。这些著作涉及的反切知识是非常全面和丰富的,学者们通过自己多年的潜心钻研和田野调查,为我们后来者学习文字学、音韵学相关知识作了相当详细解释和说明,值得我们认真学习和深入研究。

通观此类书籍,文字篇幅很长、内容很多、讲解用例丰富繁多,人们读起来未免会有些累赘。尤其是对于一些非专业的读者来说,这样的反切拼读规则和讲述,可能会看起来一头雾水,太过深奥。那么,为了能够进一步掌握古代反切,了解现代汉语普通话和反切的转换过程,笔者试作简洁又清晰的说明,以期为音韵学的入门学习打好基础,也为阅读古代文献、研究汉语史、更好地使用古代语言文字工具书等方面提供方便。……

登录APP查看全文