纪洪伟 刘祯周

摘要：福斯特对资本主义批判的核心理论关切在于资本逻辑的反生态性。他通过重构马克思的物质变换断裂理论阐述了在自由竞争时代资本逻辑对生态可持续发展的断裂，回应了马克思是否为生态学家的争论。他认为，马克思生态学的最大优势在于通透的关于资本逻辑的分析，自己则坚定地继承和发扬了马克思关于资本生态维度批判的相关内容。福斯特认为物质变换断裂作为生态维度批判的核心理论，并在剖析当代生态问题时沿用其分析框架，戳穿资本主义生态方案的谎言，以此阐明超越资本逻辑的生态革命的政治主张。尽管福斯特对马克思的生态思想进行了挖掘和重构，但离马克思自己本真仍有差距。“回到马克思”，基于历史唯物主义的视域才能客观评价福斯特对资本逻辑生态批判的理论贡献和理论局限，弄清福斯特和马克思资本逻辑生态批判思想的关系。

关键词：资本逻辑；生态批判；福斯特；生态学马克思主义

中图分类号：D73/77文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-6916（2024）12-0029-06

Capital and Ecology are Fundamentally Opposing Poles

—Fosters Ecological Critique of Capital Logic

Ji HongweiLiu Zhenzhou

（School of Marxism， China University of Political Science and Law， Beijing 10088）

Abstract： The core theoretical concern of Fosters critique of capitalism lies in the anti-ecological nature of capital logic. By reconstructing Marxs theory of metabolic rift， he expounds on the rupture of ecological sustainability caused by capital logic in the era of free competition， thus responding to the debate on whether Marx was an ecologist. He believes that the greatest advantage of Marxs ecology lies in its penetrating analysis of capital logic， and he steadfastly inherits and develops Marxs criticism of the ecological dimension of capital. He considers the metabolic rift as the core theory of his ecological critique of capital logic and applies this analytical framework to the analysis of contemporary ecological issues， exposing the lies of capitalist ecological solutions， and thereby elucidating the political proposition of an ecological revolution beyond capital logic. Although Foster has explored and reconstructed Marxs ecological thought there is still a gap from Marxs original perspective. “Returning to Marx” can objectively evaluate Fosters theoretical contributions and limitations to the ecological critique of capital logic from the standpoint of historical materialism and clarify the relationship between Foster and Marxs ecological critique of capital logic.

Keywords： capital logic; ecological critique; Foster; Ecological Marxism

福斯特作为美国生态学马克思主义的主要代表人物之一在建构自身的理论时是以自然和社会的有机联系为前提和内容的，他与奥康纳分别沿着不同的逻辑理路开启历史唯物主义的生态视域，对资本主义展开生态批判，希冀引导生态运动转向社会主义变革道路，最终实现人与自然的双重解放。与阿格尔相比，福斯特和奥康纳将生态学马克思主义从经验层面引向体系化和精致化的理论建构［1］。……