茶丽娟 张秋林 茶丽华

摘  要：近年来，随着博士研究生规模的不断扩大，博士研究生培养质量遇到挑战，一些问题便突显出来，如博士生延期毕业率逐年攀升。在博士研究生培养过程中，学校、学院与导师形成培养共同体，其中导师应是博士研究生培养的第一责任人与具体培养政策执行人。基于博士研究生培养的现状，目前很多实施单一导师制，形成导师与研究生之间的导学共同体，该文通过研究发现师生初始互选的信息错位从而引起导师与学生产生矛盾。为解决这一问题，该文提出以两位及以上导师组成导师组，有利于更加科学地培养具有复合特性的博士生人才，也有利于将导师对博士生第一责任进行分置，减轻导师责任;最后但同样重要的是，实施导师转换制用以解决导师组也无法克服的导学矛盾，以避免引发学校、学院、导师与学生之间产生更严重的矛盾，避免可控的导学问题演化为不可控的恶性纠纷，给学校乃至社会造成恶劣影响。

关键词：博士研究生培养;导学共同体;单一导师制;导师组制度;导师转换制

中图分类号：G643      文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2024）17-0014-04

Abstract： In recent years， with the continuous expansion of the scale of doctoral students， the quality of doctoral training has encountered challenges， and some problems have become prominent， such as the increasing rate of delayed graduation for doctoral students. In the process of cultivating doctoral students， the school， college， and supervisor form a training community， where the supervisor should be the first person responsible for the cultivation of doctoral students and the executor of specific training policies. Based on the current situation of doctoral student training， many have implemented a single supervisor system， forming a guidance community between supervisors and graduate students. This article finds through research that the initial information mismatch between teachers and students leads to conflicts between supervisors and students. In order to solve this problem， this paper proposes to form a doctoral supervisor group with two or more supervisors， which is conducive to more scientific cultivation of doctoral talents with composite characteristics， and also helps to separate the first responsibility of supervisors for doctoral students， reducing the responsibility of doctoral supervisors. Last but not least， the implementation of the doctoral supervisor conversion system aims at resolving the teaching conflicts that cannot be overcome by the supervisor group， in order to avoid causing more serious conflicts between schools， colleges， doctoral supervisors， and students， and to prevent controllable teaching problems from evolving into uncontrollable malicious disputes， causing adverse effects on schools and even society.

Keywords： doctoral student training; guidance community; single supervisor system; supervisor group system; supervisor conversion system

在当前博士研究生逐步扩招与博士研究生延期毕业率日趋增高的双重趋势之下，作为从事研究生教育培养工作者，应探求如何提高不断扩招的博士生群体的质量;如何助力博士研究生按期毕业;促进成熟的博士研究生培养体系。博士研究生教育中的导师组机制和导师转换制是破解此种僵局的关键举措，值得深入剖析。……