密闭空间环境空气监测技术研究进展
2024-05-21郎悦任向红
郎悦 任向红
摘要:密闭空间是一个独特大气环境,人员在其中长期工作生活存在着缺氧、二氧化碳和有害气体超标的风险,密闭空间环境监测对作业人员的生命安全和身体健康起着至关重要的作用。本文针对密闭空间的特点,分析了密闭空间空气污染物来源及危害,对密闭空间光谱监测技术、色谱-质谱联用监测技术、色谱-离子迁移谱监测技术、半导体监测技术、电化学监测技术、光离子化监测技术的特点、应用及发展趋势进行了分析,为不同类型的环境监测技术在密闭空间中的应用提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:密闭空间 有害气体 监测技术 研究进展
中图分类号:X192
Research Progress of Ambient Air Monitoring Technology in Confined Space
LANG Yue REN Xianghong*
Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi,an,Shaanxi Province, 710025 China
Abstract: Confined space is a unique atmospheric environment, and there are the risks of hypoxia, carbon dioxide and harmful gases exceeding the standard when personnel work and live for a long time in it, so environmental monitoring in confined space plays a vital role in the life safety and health of operators. Based on the characteristics of confined space, this paper analyzes the sources and hazards of air pollutants in confined space, and analyzes the characteristics, applications and development trends of spectral monitoring technology, chromatography-mass spectrometry monitoring technology, chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry monitoring technology, semiconductor monitoring technology, electrochemical monitoring technology and photoionization monitoring technology in confined space, so as to provide models and reference for the application of different types of environmental monitoring technology in confined space.
Key Words:Confined space;Noxious gas;Monitoring technology;Research progress
密閉空间由于活动范围狭小、人员密集,受到人体代谢、设备运转、材料挥发等因素影响,产生C6H6、NO2、SO2等污染气体,污染物聚集造成空气质量下降严重,当工作人员在密闭空间作业时,很可能出现头晕目眩、耳鸣、盗汗、易怒、气短等现象,严重威胁作业人员的身心健康[1]。为保证密闭空间中工作人员的生活质量、提高工作效率,对密闭环境的空气质量进行实时监测十分必要。
1密闭空间有害气体来源及危害
密闭空间是人员活动、设备工作的主要场所,长时间作业会导致有害气体逐渐积累,污染成分种类增多,目前已检出的污染物高达600多种,其中有些污染物具有毒性或者刺激性,如CO、NH3、HCl、HF、CO2等,有些污染物如C6H6、C2H3Cl3等对人体有致癌作用。这些污染物的来源主要由人体代谢、设备运转、材料挥发等因素造成的。……
