FPGA验证流程综述
2024-05-21张勇陈逸韬
张勇 陈逸韬
摘要:現场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA),也被称为FPGA芯片。在通信、安防、工业等领域有着举足轻重的作用。随着FPGA芯片的规模不断扩大、性能不断提升,其模块数量、电路网表规模、连接复杂度也随之增加。在此趋势下,如何有效地提升大规模FPGA电路的验证效率与验证完备性变得更为重要。一个完整的、有针对性的、结构性的验证流程方法,能更全面地对电路设计情况进行覆盖性检查,确保FPGA芯片功能的正确性。详细叙述从底层到顶层(模块级、子系统级、全芯片级)的FPGA芯片验证方式,包括它们各自的验证方法、流程与侧重等细节,探讨了这种方式是如何帮助FPGA验证工作进行的。
关键词:FPGA芯片 验证效率 验证流程方法 全芯片级验证
中图分类号:TN40;TN791
An Overview of the FPGA Verification Process
ZHANG Yong CHEN Yitao
Shenzhen State Microelectronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518000 China
Abstract: The field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is also known as the FPGA chip, and it plays a crucial role in fields such as communications, security and industry. As the scale of FPGA chips continues to expand and their performance continues to improve, their number of modules, size of circuit netlists and connection complexity also increase. In this trend, how to effectively improve the verification efficiency and completeness of large-scale FPGA circuits has become more important. A complete, targeted and structured verification process method can comprehensively check the coverage of circuit design and ensure the correctness of the function of FPGA chips. This paper detailedly describes the verification method of FPGA chips from the bottom layer to the top layer (module-level, subsystem-level, full chip-level), including details such as their respective verification methods, processes and emphases, and explores how this method helps FPGA verification work.
Key Words: FPGA chip; Validation efficiency; Validation process method; Full chip-level validation
1 FPGA分层级验证
1.1验证层级分类
根据验证侧重点,验证分为三个层级:模块级、子系统级与全芯片级。其中模块级侧重模块功能的验证,子系统级侧重模块间交互的验证,而全芯片级侧重子系统间交互的验证。
1.1.1模块级验证
模块级验证是相对底层的验证层级,其最终验证收敛目标是各模块功能与代码的全覆盖。其中功能覆盖率包含配置的独立与组合覆盖以及配置和激励的组合覆盖,而代码覆盖率则实现针对设计代码信号翻转的覆盖检查[1]。
模块级内部对应设计抽象层次的划分,分为软件模型、硬件模型和网表三个层次。其中,软件模型用于软件建模,硬件模型为与硬件电路端口对应的功能模型,网表为利用电路设计工具提取出的电路网表[2]。……
