沈芳，黄浩杰，周玉都，许敏，张湘涵

摘要：利用2017—2020年廊坊市大廠县QWF-6000型微波辐射计和北京探空资料，对08时和20时2个时次共737组有效样本垂直方向的气温、湿度进行对比检验。结果表明：（1）整层气温均方根误差在5 ℃以内，相对湿度均方根误差为20%～30%，气温的相关系数明显高于相对湿度，即前者的探测精度更高。（2）1 km以下08时和20时温度和相对湿度的误差差异显著，08时误差均小于20时，1 km以上气温误差稳定在3 ℃左右，相对湿度廓线随高度先增大后减小。（3）夏秋季温度误差总体小于春季和冬季，但夏季贴地层误差明显大于其他季节，而相对湿度误差在冬季更为稳定。（4）晴天微波辐射计的探测精度明显优于云天和雨天，且随着云量的增多，探测精度也逐渐下降。（5）降雨量级的差异对微波辐射计的探测精度产生不同影响，雨量越大，温度和相对湿度的误差越大；小雨时温度的相关系数在贴地层以上为0.60～0.90，但整层相对湿度的相关系数普遍在0.50以下，中雨及以上的降雨出现时，08时和20时温度的相关系数表现出显著差异，而相对湿度的相关系数在大雨及以上时波动最大，表现出极不稳定的探测性能。

关键词：微波辐射计；探空；温度廓线；相对湿度廓线

中图分类号：P413.2     文献标志码：A     文章编号：2096-3599（2023）04-0001-00

DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2023.04.010

Evaluation and analysis of retrieval products of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles from ground-based microwave radiometer in Langfang

SHEN Fang， HUANG Haojie， ZHOU Yudu， XU Min， ZHANG Xianghan

（Langfang Meteorological Bureau， Langfang 065099， China）

Abstract： Using the QWF-6000 microwave radiometer data of Dachang County， Langfang City and the radiosonde data of Beijing from 2017 to 2020， the temperature and humidity in the vertical direction of 737 groups of effective samples at 08：00 and 20：00 are compared and tested. The results are shown below. （1） The root mean square error of temperature in the whole layer is within 5 ℃， and the root mean square error of relative humidity is 20%–30%. The correlation coefficient of temperature is significantly higher than that of relative humidity， that is， the detection accuracy of the former is higher. （2） The error of temperature and relative humidity at 08：00 and 20：00 below 1 km is significantly different. The error of 08：00 is less than that of 20：00 and the error of temperature above 1 km is stable at about 3 ℃. The relative humidity profile first increases and then decreases with height. （3） The temperature error in summer and autumn is generally smaller than that in spring and winter， but the error in the ground layer in summer is significantly greater than that in other seasons， and the error of relative humidity is more stable in winter. （4） The detection accuracy of the microwave radiometer in sunny days is obviously better than that in cloudy and rainy days， and with the increase of cloud cover， the detection accuracy also gradually decreases. （5） The difference of rainfall magnitude has different effects on the detection accuracy of microwave radiometer， and the greater the rainfall， the greater the error of temperature and relative humidity. The correlation coefficient of temperature during light rain ranges from 0.60 to 0.90 above the ground layer， but the correlation coefficient of relative humidity in the whole layer is generally below 0.5; when moderate rain or above occurs， the correlation coefficient of temperature at 08：00 and 20：00 shows significant differences， while the correlation coefficient of relative humidity shows the biggest fluctuation in heavy rain or above， showing extremely unstable detection performance.

Keywords： microwave radiometer; radiosonde; temperature profile; relative humidity profile

引言

目前，我國天气预报业务中最常用的高空气象资料主要来源于探空气球观测的数据，但该数据每日仅08时和20时观测两次，且根据高空气象观测网布局，各站之间间距通常在300 km左右，其时间和空间的密度很难满足天气预报，尤其是对中小尺度天气系统监测和预警的需求。……