ENSO对华东地区春季降水影响的不对称性
2023-12-21巩婷,易笑园
巩婷,易笑园



摘要:利用1958—2019年的观测和再分析数据集,对冷、暖两类厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)事件与后期华东地区春季降水之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)在暖ENSO事件中,华东春季降水量与前冬季ENSO海面温度异常存在较强的正相关关系。在 冷ENSO事件中,这种强正相关向内陆地区西移,主要集中在江西和湖南。(2)暖ENSO事件通常 会导致浙江、江苏和福建等沿海省份春季降水量过剩,而冷ENSO事件往往导致江西和湖南降水偏 少。这归因于ENSO对大气环流的非线性影响。(3)与暖ENSO事件相比,冷ENSO事件引起的海 面温度异常中心明显西移,造成异常低层大气环流的西移,最终导致华东降水的西移效应。(4)通 过分析和发现,强调了华东春季降水对ENSO的非线性响应,这对华东地区的季节性气候预测具有 重要意义。
关键词:春季降水;华东地区;厄尔尼诺;大气环流
中图分类号:P461.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-3599(2023)04-0040-07 DOI:10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2023.04.005
Asymmetric effect of ENSO on the spring precipitation over East China
GONG Ting1 YI Xiaoyuan2
(1. Tianjin Air Traffic Management Bureau, Civil Aviation Administration of China, Tianjin 300399, China ; 2. Tianjin Meteorological Bureau,Tianjin 300074,China)
Abstract : Using the observations and reanalysis datasets from 1958 to 2019,this study reveals an asymmetric effect of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the following spring precipitation over East China. The results are listed as below. ( 1) During the years with positive ENSO phases, a strong positive correlation exists between the spring precipitation over Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces and the preceding winter ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. During the years with negative ENSO phases such a strong positive correlation shifts westwards to inland areas mainly in Jiangxi and Hunan provinces.(2) To be specific the El Nino events usually result in a precipitation surplus in the decaying spring over Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Fujian provinces, while the La Nina events usually lead to a precipitation deficit in the decaying spring over Jiangxi and Hunan provinces. This is attributed to the nonlinear effects of ENSO on the atmospheric circulation. (3) Compared with El Nino the abnormal center of SST anomalies induced by La Nina evidently extends westwards inducing a westward movement of the anomalous low-level atmospheric circulation, which eventually results in a westward-shifted effect on the following spring precipitation over East China. (4) The findings emphasize the nonlinear responses of the spring precipitation over East China to ENSO,which has important implications for the seasonal climate predictions over East China.
Keywords: spring precipitation; East China; El Nino; atmospheric circulation
引言
華东地区自然环境条件优越,人口密集,是我国 重要的农业生产基地,也是我国经济文化发达地区 之一。已有的研究指出,随着全球气候变暖,华东地 区降水量有增加的趋势,但是华东汛期降水过程推 后,会造成春季雨量减少,导致春季干旱发生[1-2]。 2011年春季长江中下游地区发生严重干旱,且干旱 维持时间长,波及范围广,使得该地区的农业和渔业 遭受重创,造成了巨大经济损失[3];而到了 6月,长 江中下游地区降水量较常年同期明显偏多,使得长 江流域发生旱涝急转[4-5]。因此,研究华东地区春 季降水异常的成因,对华东地区的民生和社会经济 具有重要意义。……
