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金融科技背景下P2P网贷平台:进展与展望

2023-12-21林艳艳张盼盼侯席培

上海管理科学 2023年6期

林艳艳 张盼盼 侯席培

摘 要:P2P网贷平台由于门槛低、便捷、收益高等特点在过去十年获得迅速发展,但同时由于高风险、不易监管等特征在近几年又逐渐回落,引起较大关注。在金融科技、互联网金融的新背景下,P2P平台又受到什么样的影响,是个值得探讨的话题。论文首先从硬信息、软信息、羊群行为三个方面总结了信息不对称对P2P平台的影响;其次以风险控制与相对于银行的中介功能兩个角度为切入点,关注金融科技对P2P平台的影响;最后就金融科技对未来P2P网贷形式的转换以及创新发展进行展望,以期为进一步开展相关研究提供参考。

关键词:P2P网贷;硬信息;软信息;羊群行为;金融科技

中图分类号:F 83

文献标志码:A

P2P Online Lending Platform:Progress and Prospect

LIN Yanyan ZHANG Panpan HOU Xipei

(Antai School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 300020, China)

Abstract:The P2P online lending platform has developed rapidly in the past ten years due to the characteristics of low threshold, convenience and high income, but at the same time, due to the characteristics of high risk and difficult supervision, it has gradually declined in recent years, which has attracted great attention. Under the new background of fintech and Internet finance, what kind of impact the P2P platform is receiving is a topic worthy of discussion. This paper first summarizes the impact of information asymmetry on P2P platforms from three aspects:hard information, soft information, and herd behavior. Secondly, from the perspectives of risk control and intermediary functions relative to banks, it focuses on the impact of financial technology on P2P platforms. Finally, the development of financial technology will look forward to the future form transformation and innovative development of P2P online lending, in order to provide reference value for further relevant research.

Key words:P2P online lending; hard information; soft information; herd behavior; financial technology

0 引言

从互联网时代到金融科技时代,P2P平台的发展给人们生活带来极大影响。P2P网贷也称市场借贷,是指个人或企业通过P2P网贷平台向其他个人或机构贷方借贷。它是没有传统金融中介机构参与,能够作为银行贷款替代品的一种借贷。Lin等 (2013) 指出P2P个体之间可能是不存在联系的陌生人,而非放贷人与企业家、管理人员或企业存在社会关系,P2P网贷仅仅为网络的需求 (借款人) 和供给 (放贷人) 之间提供一个交互的平台。借贷双方的信息不对称是P2P借贷面临的主要挑战之一。P2P贷款的前期工作包括对借款人进行预筛选、信用评分等,故如何广泛收集信息,减少信息不对称的影响,提高评分的准确性,是P2P平台研究的重点。

过去十年中,Lending Club、Prosper和Funding Circle等网贷平台,在消费者和小型企业借贷中迅速获得了市场份额,但由于潜在风险的爆发,在近几年出现部分回落,到2020年底P2P基本关闭。……

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