年红玉　尹海涛

摘 要：燃煤发电在相当长时期内占据我国电力能源结构的主导地位。我国目前的电力供应存在短时缺口问题，部分地区迎峰度夏尖峰资源不足，但是总体供应相对富足。相比新建大型煤电机组，对现役煤电机组的延寿和升级改造是一个更加经济友好和环境友好的选择。我国现役燃煤机组在设计过程、选用材料、加工制造、安装检修等方面与国外水平相当，延续运行的技术空间很大，可以通过机组延寿改造，让现役机组继续承担调峰调频功能。这样，既能平衡局部短期负荷激增的供需，又能为新能源腾出一席之地，同时还避免了新建煤电机组大量投资导致的资本和能源浪费。

关键词：煤电机组延寿；度电经济成本；度电环境成本；能源转型

中图分类号：X 196; F 062.2

文献标志码：A

The Economic and Environmental Benefits from the Life Extension ofCoal Power Unit during the Energy Transformaiton

NIANG Hongyu YIN Haitao

（Antai College of Economics & Management， Shanghai Jiao Tong University， Shanghai 200030， China）

Abstract：Coal-fired power generation has dominated China’s power energy for a long time. In recent years， there has been a short-term gap in power supply in China. Electricity supply is in short during peak usage time， while the overall supply is relatively abundant. Compared with the new and large coal generating units， life extension and upgrading of existing coal generating units is a more economical and environmentally friendly choice. As a matter of fact， China’s active coal-fired units are as well-designed as those in developed countries in terms of their design process， material selection， installation， and maintenance， which implies that there is a large technical space for the continuous operation. The active coal-fired units can continue to bear the function of peak and frequency modulation through the life-extending transformation of units. In this way， it can not only balance the supply and demand of local short-term load surge， but also make room for new energy， and avoid the capital and energy waste caused by a large amount of investment in new coal power units.

Key words：life extension of coal power unit; economic cost per kilowatt hour; environmental cost per kilowatt hour; energy structural transition

在相當长的一段时期内，我国发电行业“煤炭当家”的格局不会改变。目前问题出在电力供应存在短时缺口，部分地区迎峰度夏尖峰资源不足，但是总体供应相对富足。

首先，我国存量煤电机组潜能尚未得到充分发挥，机组服役年限较短且利用效率低。2018年，我国煤电平均利用小时数4361小时，远低于机组设定标准利用小时数5300～5500小时。世界主要以煤电为主力电源的国家——韩国、澳大利亚、德国的年平均利用小时数为5877小时，我国仅为该水平的74%。可见我国煤电机组利用效率低，仍处于过剩状态。其次，选择新建煤电机组是浪费资产的行为。中电联发布的《2018—2019年度全国电力供需形势分析预测报告》显示，2018年煤电企业亏损面超过50%，装机容量充裕，设备利用效率下降。……