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文、字与华夏文明断代及其社会治理模式初探

2023-12-21贾利军王宏贺达豪

上海管理科学 2023年6期
关键词:文明

贾利军 王宏 贺达豪

摘 要: 华夏文明先后经历了“文以载道”的文阶段和“字以呈象”的字阶段。文阶段主要使用以易经为代表的承载宇宙大道的符号体系,其社会治理模式是“天师集团”“君王集团”和百姓有机结合人文化成的模式。字阶段主要使用始于仓颉造字的汉字系统。在字阶段,天师集团内隐于君王系统,君王成为社会治理的核心。汉字使用,民智开启,民众会因为不同的望文生义而产生分歧,社会治理从直接替天行道转化为依据大道的解释而间接替天行道,也就产生分歧、统一、再分歧的螺旋式发展进程。

关键词: 文;字;断代;社会治理

中图分类号: C 93

文献标志码: A

A Preliminary Study on the Division of Chinese Civilizationand Its Social Governance Model

JIA Lijun WANG Hong HE Dahao

(Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China)

Abstract:Chinese civilization can be divided into “symbolism era” and “character era”. The symbolism, manifesting the laws of universe which are represented by IChing, is widely used in the “symbolism era”. The social governance is the organic integration of Taoists consultancy, top governor’ s ruling and people’s compliance during the symbolism era. The “ character era” starts with the creation of characters by Cangjie. During character era, the class of Taoists is retired and keeping a low profile, and top governors dominate the ruling. The use of Chinese characters initiates the enlightment of people. The nation is divided for diverging interpretations of Tao. The social governance is switching from direct Tao compliance to indirect Tao compliance based on diverging intepretations of Tao, which further leads to double helix process featured on divergence, unification and divergence so on and so forth.

Key words:symbolism; character; the division of civilization; social governance

1 “文”和“字”

我們今天称为“文字”的这样一个范畴,在真正的中国文化中其实是两个概念,即“文”和“字”。所谓“文”指的是以易经为代表的上古华夏先贤所创造出来承载宇宙大道的符号体系。文以载道的“文”就是这个概念的当代遗存。文的创造者有很多,其中,伏羲是最典型的代表;上古时期的文符号系统也有很多,但是最成熟的就是我们今天仍然在使用的易经符号系统,也就是《周易·系辞传下》中所说:“古者包牺氏之王天下也,仰则观象于天,俯则观法于地,观鸟兽之文与地之宜,近取诸身,远取诸物,于是始作八卦,以通神明之德,以类万物之情。”

“字”肇始于黄帝令仓颉造字,关于这一点,诸多古老典籍都有描述。《淮南子·本经训》中说:“昔者苍颉作书,而天雨粟,鬼夜哭。”《世本·作篇》中有“苍颉作书”的记载。……

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