摘 要：【目的】为避免无人机飞行中出现严重的气动弹性问题，针对无人机机翼刚度分布设计不合理之处，开展无人机机翼模态分析与结构优化设计。【方法】基于正交试验设计提出一种基于模态分析的机翼变截面结构布局轻量化设计研究方案。【结果】基于无人机机翼有限元仿真模型，开展机翼约束模态仿真分析，发现机翼在翼梁、翼肋等方面需要进行尺寸优化设计，进而改善机翼刚度。并提出一种变截面翼梁结构，通过TOPSIS方法进行排序获取了最优解。结果表明，优化后的机翼结构质量降低34%，机翼约束模态频率得到极大改善。【结论】通过模态分析开展无人机机翼结构优化设计，可在满足刚度合理分布的同时，大幅度降低机翼总质量。

关键词：无人机机翼；模态分析；TOPSIS；结构优化

中图分类号：V279      文献标识码：A           文章编号：1003-5168（2023）10-0048-06

DOI：10.19968/j.cnki.hnkj.1003-5168.2023.010.010

Abstract： [Purposes]  In view of the unreasonable design of the stiffness distribution of the UAV wing， in order to avoid serious aeroelastic problems in the flight of the UAV， the modal analysis and structural optimization design of the UAV wing were carried out. [Methods] Based on orthogonal experimental design， a lightweight design scheme of wing variable cross-section structure layout based on modal analysis was proposed. [Findings] Based on the finite element simulation model of the UAV wing， the wing constraint modal simulation analysis was carried out. It was found that the wing needed to be optimized in terms of wing beam and wing rib， which then improves the wing stiffness. On the other hand， a variable cross-section wing beam structure is proposed， and the optimal solution is obtained by TOPSIS method. The results show that the constrained modal frequency of the optimized wing structure is greatly improved while the mass is reduced by 34%. [Conclusions] The optimization design of UAV wing structure through modal analysis can greatly reduce the total mass of the wing while satisfying the reasonable distribution of stiffness.

Keywords： UAVwing; modalanalysis; TOPSIS; structural optimization

0 引言

無人机作为一个新兴产品，因其具有强大的机动性能、环境感知力等，在多个领域呈现出巨大的应用前景，如其广泛应用于航拍、环境检测、城市管理等。在无人机结构设计生产中，其机翼的强度、刚度设计非常重要，如果刚度分布设计不合理，很容易导致无人机在飞行中出现严重的气动弹性问题，导致事故发生。机翼作为固定翼无人机的主要承力结构，其结构设计的合理性对整个无人机飞行性能起到至关重要的作用。在无人机结构设计中，需要严格把控结构材料及质量控制。因此，在保证结构刚度分布合理的前提下，设计出具有轻量化、高强度特性的机翼结构是提升无人机各项性能的关键［1］。……