李晶　胡凯　巫祎博　漆雪丽　张罡肇

摘 要：由于夜间、雨雪天等环境下，司机驾驶时能见度往往大幅降低，从而对行车安全问题造成极大影响。驾驶员在驾驶中主要依靠车前的大灯识别路况，但是驾驶员在驾驶过程中容易忽略远近光灯的切换，不仅导致驾驶员无法了解前方路况，也会干扰对方车辆对路况的判断。针对汽车驾驶过程中由于光线不足或驾驶员对灯光操作不当等因素引起的交通事故问题，本文设计了一种可自动调节的远近光灯。该设计选用测距传感器、光线传感器、车辆速度传感器、测线速传感器和颜色识别等传感器，通过信息采集对灯光进行自动控制，可避免驾驶员因主观判断失误和操作不当等人为因素出现灯光切换问题，从而引发的安全事故。

关键词：自动控制 远近光灯 传感器 安全

Design and research of automatic adjusting high and low beam lamp

Li Jing Hu Kai Wu Yibo Qi Xueli Zhang Gangzhao

Abstract：Due to the night， rain and snow conditions， the visibility of drivers is often greatly reduced when driving， which has a great impact on driving safety. The driver mainly relies on the headlights in front of the car to identify the road conditions， but the driver tends to ignore the switching of the high and low beams during driving， which not only causes the driver to fail to understand the road conditions ahead， but also interferes with the judgment of the other vehicle's road conditions. Aiming at the problem of traffic accidents caused by factors such as insufficient light or improper operation of the light by the driver during driving， this paper designs an automatically adjustable high and low beam. The design uses sensors such as ranging sensor， light sensor， vehicle speed sensor， line speed sensor and color recognition to automatically control the light through information collection， which can avoid the driver's subjective judgment error and improper operation. problems， resulting in security incidents.

Key words：automatic control; High and low beam lamps; Sensors; security

1 引言

據数据统计表明，超过80%的交通事故发生在恶劣、黑暗的天气，大约70%车辆事故发生在夜间，死亡率超过40%，夜间发生交通事故的概率要比白天高出1.5倍。致使夜间交通事故发生的的主要原因有光线差、驾驶员未正确使用前照灯等。因此，提高驾驶员夜间行驶的安全性具有一定的研究价值，也有大量学者对汽车远近光灯的自动控制进行了研究[1-4]。

樊海红，郑志强，林景东[5]通过信号采集处理设计了前照灯自动切换远近灯，但未考虑车辆夜间行驶时远光灯照明距离对驾驶员的影响。吕光辉，张忍[6]应用超声波雷达测距仪和速度传感器为汽车大灯提供了更加完善的设计方案。……