李涛 袁国徽 钱振官 杨伟萍 范洁群

摘要 牛筋草是全球危害最嚴重的5种杂草之一，为了筛选防除牛筋草的高效除草剂品种，采用温室盆栽法和田间小区试验测定了10种苗后除草剂对牛筋草的除草活性及防除效果。盆栽试验结果表明，30%苯唑草酮SC和40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD对牛筋草防效优异，ED90分别为8.7 g/hm2和19.4 g/hm2（有效成分，下同），约为各自登记低剂量的1/3和1/2。100 g/L氰氟草酯EC、10%噁唑酰草胺EC、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW、120 g/L烯草酮EC和10%精喹禾灵EC对牛筋草具有较好的防效，ED90分别为68.9、80.5、50.0、54.2 g/hm2和48.6 g/hm2，与各自的登记低剂量相当或略低。25%啶嘧磺隆WG和11%三氟啶磺隆OD对牛筋草的防效较差，ED90分别为115.0 g/hm2和112.4 g/hm2，约为各自登记高剂量的1.5倍和2.3倍。75%硝磺草酮WG对牛筋草的防效很差，ED90为742.6 g/hm2，是其登记高剂量的3.3倍。田间试验结果表明，40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD 40.2 g/hm2、30%苯唑草酮SC 22.5 g/hm2、100 g/L氰氟草酯EC 75 g/hm2、10%噁唑酰草胺EC 90 g/hm2、69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW 51.75 g/hm2、120 g/L烯草酮EC 63 g/hm2和10%精喹禾灵EC 60 g/hm2对牛筋草的鲜重抑制率均大于90%，且对供试作物生长安全。综上，玉米田牛筋草防除可选择30%苯唑草酮SC或40 g/L烟嘧磺隆OD;稻田牛筋草防除可选择100 g/L氰氟草酯EC或10%噁唑酰草胺EC;草坪绿地中的牛筋草可根据草坪草种类选择69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW防除，选择25%啶嘧磺隆WG或11%三氟啶磺隆OD防除草坪上的牛筋草时，需大幅提高使用剂量才能获得理想的防效;蔬菜、花生、棉花以及果树等阔叶作物田牛筋草的防除可选择120 g/L烯草酮EC、10%精喹禾灵EC或69 g/L精噁唑禾草灵EW。

关键词 杂草防除;外来入侵杂草;牛筋草;茎叶处理除草剂

中图分类号： S482.4

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2021063

Abstract Eleusine indica is one of the five most harmful weeds in the world. Experiments were conducted to determine the control efficacy of 10 post-emergence herbicides against E.indica. Greenhouse experiments showed that topramezone 30% SC and nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD had excellent control effects on E.indica， with the ED90 values of 8.7 g/hm2and 19.4 g/hm2 （active ingredient， the same below）， respectively， which were about 1/3 and 1/2 of the low dose recommended on their respective labels. Cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC， metamifop 10% EC， fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW， clethodim 120 g/L EC， and quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC had good control effects on E.indica， and the ED90 values were 68.9， 80.5， 50.0， 54.2 g/hm2 and 48.6 g/hm2， respectively， which was equivalent to or slightly lower than the low dose recommended on their respective labels. Flazasulfuron 25% WG and trifloxysulfuron sodium 11% OD had poor control effects on E.indica， and the ED90 values were 115.0 g/hm2and 112.4 g/hm2， respectively， which were about 1.5 and 2.3 times of the high dose recommended on their respective labels. Mesotrione 75% WG had a very poor control effect on E.indica， with the ED90 value of 742.6 g/hm2， which was about 3.3 times of the high dose recommended on its label. Field trials showed that the control efficacies of nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD 40.2 g/hm2， topramezone 30% SC 22.5 g/hm2， cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC 75 g/hm2， metamifop 10% EC 90 g/hm2， fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW 51.75 g/hm2， clethodim 120 g/L EC 63 g/hm2， and quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC 60 g/hm2 were all greater than 90%. In summary， topramezone 30% SC or nicosulfuron 40 g/L OD can be applied to control E.indica in corn field， cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L EC or metamifop 10% EC can be selected for control of E.indica in paddy field， and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW can be selected to control E.indica in the lawn. When flazasulfuron 25% WG or trifloxysulfuron sodium 11% OD were applied to control E.indica in the lawn， it is necessary to greatly increase the dosage to obtain the ideal control effect. E.indica in broad-leaved crop fields， such as vegetables， peanuts， cotton and fruit trees， can be controlled by clethodim 120 g/L EC， quizalofop-P-ethyl 10% EC or fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 69 g/L EW.05CEAC69-DFFC-40D9-9B83-7B734680005A

Key words weed control;exotic invasive weed;Eleusine indica;post-emergence herbicide

杂草与作物竞争光照、空间和养分，降低作物产量和品质，是制约作物丰产和增收的重要生物因子[1]。……